All-Solid-State Battery Team

Masahiro Tatsumisago (President, Osaka Prefecture University)

We conduct research on All-Solid-State batteries using inorganic solid electrolytes for practical use.
The All-Solid-State battery does not use any flammable electrolytic solution, and accordingly, has been considered to be a highly safe battery that is also free from the risk of electrolyte leakage and is promising for application as an electric vehicle battery. This team is split into two sub-teams, “sulfide-based all-solid-state battery” and “oxide-based all-solid-state battery”, and involves fundamental technologies such as interface fabrication, materials processing, battery design and so on. Especially, the sulfide sub-team has led the research towards practical use upon cooperating with LIBTEC.

• Laboratory
• Press Release April 18, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release Jun 23, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release May 24, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)

Lithium-Sulfur Battery Team

Masayoshi Watanabe (Professor, Yokohama National University)

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery is one of the most promising candidates for beyond lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical energy density. The S-based cathode also has the advantages of high natural abundance, low price, and environmental friendliness. By combining with metallic Li or Si anodes, both of which have high theoretical capacity, and ionic liquid electrolytes, high performance Li-S battery will be realized.
We aim at avoiding the dissolution of intermediates from the S-based cathode, which is a fatal disadvantage in this battery, by utilizing an ionic liquid, offering very low solubilization in addition to its non-volatility and non-fl ammability. The issue of volume change of the cathode and anode materials by discharge and charge will be mitigated by the control of the nano structures. Towards practical use, we extend the research by cooperating with the LIBTEC.

• Laboratory

Next Generation Battery Team

Kiyoshi Kanamura (Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)

The team explores the various advanced generation battery technologies, such as Mg batteries where two electron transfer is possible by divalent ions, metal-air batteries with high theoretical energy density, and batteries running by migration of negative ions (anions).
We focus on the development of innovative batteries which fulfi ll the requirement from electrical vehicle applications and enable to utilize sustainable natural energy, through the systematic R&D from fundamental material science to prospect battery materialization, and consequently will bring the novel promising battery technology to the light.

• Press Release July 31, 2017
• Press Release April 5, 2017

Accelerating and Promoting Team for Practical Application

Kiyoshi Kanamura (Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)

Experts are cooperating to address the problems found in each battery system through ALCA-SPRING research.
The special research unit for Li metal anode tackles a safety concern and self-discharge problems of Li metal to realize practical Li-metal secondary batteries. Common issues for battery researches, such as the advanced analysis, battery fabrication, and supply of the base materials, are also all addressed on the basis of the cutting edge facilities and well-organized systems with a support from the battery platform.

Metabolic Engineering of Cyanobacteria for Fermentative Production of Succinate and Lactate

Takashi Osanai
Associate professor, Meiji University

Bio-based succinate is a promising feedstock for the substitution of fossil fuels. Cyanobacteria are a group of bacteria performing oxygenic photosynthesis. In this study, we perform genetic engineering of cyanobacterial transcriptional regulators and circadian clocks for succinate production. Metabolomic approaches are important for clarifying the metabolic status of cyanobacteria to improve the productivity of succinate.

• Press Release November 9, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release November 9, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release June 1, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release June 15, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release August 30, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release December 10, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release April 15,2019 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release June 6, 2019 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release July 23, 2019 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release February 18, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release March 9, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release April 30, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release December 18, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release March 18, 2021 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release August 24, 2021 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release February 24, 2022 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release May 25, 2022 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of a Robust and Biologically Contained Culturing Method of Microalgae Using Phosphite

Ryuichi Hirota (Associate Professor, Hiroshima University)

Most organisms can not assimilate phosphite with a phosphorus oxidation state of +3. In this project, we will develop a robust and selective cultivation method of microalgae using phosphite dehydrogenase. Furthermore, we will apply this method to biocontainment that makes algae growth and survival dependent on phosphite.

• Laboratory
• Press Release May 20, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release September 19, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of Nitrifying Bacteria Cultivation Methods and Designed Nitrifying Microbial Consortia Useful for Organic Hydroponics

Akinori Ando (Assistant professor, Kyoto University)

Carbon dioxide fixation in plant is maximized by abundant nitrogen supply. So far, chemical fertilizers have been used for crop cultivation though it's production needed large amount of energy. In this study, we focus on the role nitrifying bacteria plays in the natural nitrogen cycle and attempt to develop it's cultivation methods and control the complex nitrifying microbial system. In the future, this developed technology could be applied to beneficial use of unused organic resources, soil improvement and design of artificial soil, resulting in carbon reduction.

• Laboratory

Low-Cost High Temperature Superconducting Wire

Toshiya Doi (Professor, Kyoto University)

It is very effective to use superconducting wires which is zero electric resistance, instead of copper wires, in order to improve the efficiency of electricity utilization. However, since the present price of superconducting wires is very expensive, they are used only for special purpose such as MRI and MGLEV. In this research, for realizing one tenth of the current price, we try to develop a new low-cost superconducting wire which does not use either expensive noble metal, rare earth or rare metal, and to develop inexpensive manufacturing process suitable for the low-cost superconducting wire.

Removing Iron Oxide Particles from Boiler Feed-Water of Thermal Power Plants

Shigehiro Nishijima (Professor, Fukui University of Technology)

We are developing a superconducting magnetic separation system to remove iron oxide scale from high-temperature and high pressure boiler feed-water in thermal power plants.
Reduction of scale maintains high energy conversion efficiency of the plant and reduce fuel consumption.
We estimate 1.5 million ton of CO₂ reduction per year in Japan.

Development of REBCO Fully Superconducting Rotary Machines

Masataka Iwakuma (Professor, Kyushu University)

We will conduct the research and development of fully superconducting rotating machines using REBCO coated conductors (CCs.). Applying our original technologies for reduction of ac losses as well as for enhancement of electric current capacity of conductors using plural pieces of REBCO CCs to the armature windings for rotating machines, we will first develop the superconducting armature winding technologies with low AC loss characteristics and a large current capacity. Combination of this superconducting armature with rotating REBCO superconducting field windings makes it possible to install the both windings into the same casing resulting in reduction of the gap distance and constitute it as a compact superconducting synchronous rotating machine of high output power density and the high efficiency. This rotating machine will bring us the realization of the “low-carbon society” through effective energy savings.

Thermoacoustic System for Waste Heat Regeneration with 60% Carnot Efficiency

Shinya Hasegawa (Associate professor, Tokai University)

In industries and vehicles, more than 60% thermal energy is thrown away as the waste heat. Moreover, these are dissipated in several places and it is very difficult to recover these wastes.Research works are conducted to reuse these waste heat using the thermoacoustic systems.

Development of High Performance and Environmentally Friendly Perovskite Type Solar Cells

Atsushi Wakamiya (Professor, ICR, Kyoto University)

The ultimate objective of this project is the generation of environmentally friendly high-performance perovskite-type solar cells. For this purpose, a series of promising Pb-free peroviskite-type semiconductors will be developed, whereby particular focus is placed on highly pure materials. Taking advantage of their intrinsic advantageous characteristics, i.e., low fabrication costs, light weight, and flexibility, it should be possible to establish such solar cells as an alternative renewable energy source, which would contribute substantially to the reduction of carbon emission levels and thus make society more sustainable.

• Laboratory
• Press Release May 22, 2017
• Press Release September 6, 2018

Development of Robust Additive-Manufactured Nickel Superalloy for Impurity Contamination

Koji Kakehi (Professor,Tokyo Metropolitan University)

The specific surface of a powder is much larger than that of bulk, therefore superalloy powder is susceptible to oxidation and nitridation that can deteriorate the properties of additive-manufactured part. To tackle this problem, we aim to develope technologies to (i) produce robust superalloy powder in order to reduce the contamination by oxygen and nitrogen, (ii) refine contaminated powder and (iii) clean up additive-manufactured process.

Development of Low Cost and Energy Efficient CO₂ Separation Materials and Processes using Amine-Gels Technologies

Yu Hoshino (Associate Professor, Kyushu University)

This project aims at development of the CO₂ separation membranes which transports CO₂ under low pressure, and highly efficient CO₂ separation process using the membranes. General procedures to design highly efficient CO₂ separation membrane will be developed by taking advantage of the pKa shift of the amines introduced in the stimuli-responsive nanogel particle.

• Laboratory

Energy-Saving CO₂ Capture Process with Phase Separation Solvent

Hiroshi Machida ( Assistant professor, Nagoya University)

Carbon dioxide capture and storage is regarded as a promissing technology for the global worming problem. We propose a novel CO₂ absorption solvent that separates into two liquid phases after CO₂ absorption. It enables us to reduce the CO₂ separation energy by sending olny the CO₂ rich phase to desorption column.

Innovative Synthesis of High-Performance Bioplastics from Polysaccharides

Tadahisa Iwata (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

High-performance bioplastics are innovatively synthesized from polysaccharides extracted from nature or produced by enzymatic polymerization with keeping their characteristic structures. New products with high added-value and environmental harmonization are developed.

• Press Release July 29, 2016 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release April 18, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release February 6, 2018

Catalytic Production of Di-Carboxylic Acids and Diols from Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates

Kiyotaka Nakajima (Associate professor, Hokkaido University)

An environmental benign production of dicarboxylic acids and diols from non-edible and biomass-derived carbohydrates has been developed with stable and highly active heterogeneous catalysts. These compounds are readily available as raw materials for useful plastics as replacements of fossil fuel-derived polyesters.

• Laboratory

Development of Bioprocess Using Marine Microbial Enzymes for Efficient Lignin Degradation and Catalytic Generation of Super-Urushiol from Lignin Monomers

Yukari Ohta (Lecture,Gunma University Gunma University Center For Food Science and Wellness)

The non-food biomass containing lignin is pre-treated with an environmental harmonized type approach. By using the so-obtained product, phenyl propanone aromatic monomers are selectively manufactured by using the set of enzymes of marine microorganisms. Further, the monomers will be functionally developed into a “super urushi material” by chemical catalysts.

• Press Release December 20, 2016

Development of Microbial Process for Production of Glycolate-Based Polymers from Sugars

Ken'ichiro Matsumoto (Professor, Hokkaido University)

By constituting an artificial polymer synthetic system in microorganism, a plastic which is superior in degradability is synthesized from renewable sugar biomass.

• Laboratory

Development of Highly Functional Polymer Using Structural Characteristics of Furan Ring

Yuya Tachibana (Associate Professor, Gunma University)

As furfural having furan ring is fatally produced from cellulose and hemicellulose due to the cost competitive edge, the polymer having furan ring would be produced from biomass. We are developing the "bio-based" highly functional polymer with the addition of the peculiar function using the structural characteristics of furan ring.

Sugar-Independent Bioproduction of Muconic Acid

Tomonori Sonoki (Associate professor, Hirosaki University)

We develop a microbial process for effectively producing muconic acid which can be utilized for a wide variety of phenolic polymerization from lignin.

• facebook
• Laboratory

Extraction and Utilization of Lignin via Sustainable Process

Kazuhiro Shikinaka (Senior Researcher, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

In this program, we will prepare sustainable yet effective method for utilization of lignnocellulosic biomass. The effective extraction of lignin and polysaccharides will be achieved by ultrafine bead milling and enzymatic saccharification for plants that never needs some toxic reagents. Furthermore, the obtained lignin will be used as materials with non-flammable, shape memory, and ultraviolet absorption characteristics. In the future, we aim a creation of "Agricultural Industry" in which polysaccharide and lignin of plants are used as sugar/alcohol and high performance polymer, respectively.

Microbial Conversion into Polymer Ingredient from Biofuel Waste Based Biomass

Toshiaki Nakajima-Kambe (Professor, University of Tsukuba)

The production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) which is a polymer ingredient is sought from the waste glycerol obtained through the manufacturing the biodiesel fuel.

• Laboratory

New Development of Natural Rubber by Technological Innovation of Vulcanization

Yuko Ikeda (Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology)

In order to reduce carbon dioxide emission and establish security and a safe society, a technology for controlling the vulcanization for rubbers is consolidated in view of biodiversity and biosecurity of natural rubber.

• Press Release April 23, 2021

Nanocellulose Controls Molecular Chirality in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Organocatalysis

Takuya Kitaoka (Professor, Kyushu University)

An unexpected combination of wood nanocellulose and organocatalysts provides new insight into asymmetric synthesis with high catalytic efficiency and high stereo-selectivity.

• Laboratory

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Plastic Foam with Ultralight and High Insulation Performances

Masahiro Ohshima (Professor, Kyoto University)

CNF as a multifunctional additive is composited and foamed with a plastic in a way that hundreds of billions of pores a nanometer in size are formed in a material and the weight per unit volume of the material is reduced to a tenth or less of its original weight, thereby foams having high thermal resistant property are created.

• Laboratory

Over 8-inch large-Diameter GaN Wafers for Energy-Saving Devices

Yusuke Mori (Professor, Osaka University)

Our group promotes crystal growth of GaN with large diameter and low crystal defects. High quality GaN crystals are expected for power devices and LED substrate. Combination of the Naflux method and the point seed method, which is our new technique, achieved the production of GaN wafer with 100/cm² in dislocation defect density and 6 inches in diameter. Our next goal is development of lowcost technology for producing 8 inches GaN wafers with comparable quality of Si wafers.

• Laboratory

Development of High Performance MgB₂ Long Conductors

Hiroaki Kumakura (Senior Scientist With Special Missions, National Institute for Materials Science)

Based on the development for MgB₂ superconducting wires in the past ALCA project, we develop 100m-1km long class single-and multi-filamentary MgB₂ superconducting wires applying an internal Mg diffusion process with the filaments composed of an intermediate B powder layer and an Mg core at the center. We investigate the prepared superconducting wires in detail, such as the microstructure of filaments and the local critical-current variations, and give feedback on the manufacturing process of superconducting wires. As such, we are aiming to develop a high-performance and low-cost MgB₂ superconducting wire with the applicable level criticalcurrent property at the temperature of liquid hydrogen (20K) and at 5T in magnetic field. Further, long developed superconducting wires will be supplied to the Hamajima group and the Shirai group in ALCA Enabling Tech.

Development of MoSi₂-Based Brittle/Brittle Multi-Phase Single-Crystal Alloys

Haruyuki Inui (Professor, Kyoto University)

Under an entirely new concept of Brittle/Brittle multi-phase material, super high-temperature materials based on MoSi₂ will be developed by simultaneously achieving high thermal stability of microstructures, high strength and high toughness through controlling atomic structures of interphase boundaries and partitioning and segregation behaviors of alloying elements. In addition, we contribute to the realization of the burning temperature of 1800°C in gas turbine engines, which cannot be achieved with conventionally available alloys.

Elemental Technology for Design and Manufacturing of Innovative 1073K Class Super Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels

Masao Takeyama (Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

It is possible to develop Fe based alloys with excellent creep resistance compatible to Ni based alloys!! In the first stage of ALCA project, we have worked on designing Fe based alloys as a potential heat resistant material for 800 °C class AUSC power plants with signifi cantly increased efficiency, where we have established a design principle using a new strengthening mechanism, “grain boundary precipitation strengthening (GBPS)” and have demonstrated a possibility of its industrialization from the view of both creep strength and steam oxidation resistance. In the present project, we are going to develop elemental technologies for manufacturing steel pipes for boiler heat exchangers and turbine casing materials based on the established design principle with industrial partners.

Development of Direct and Complete Recycling Method for Superalloy Turbine Aerofoils

Hiroshi Harada (Research Adviser, National Institute for Materials Science)

The purpose of this ALCA research is to reduce CO₂ emission by improving thermal efficiency and lowering the consumption of fossil fuel, and is also to largely disseminate the several kinds of gas turbines made with the direct and complete recycling method of the next-generation superalloy turbine blade material for which the higher cost is constrictive for its dissemination by reducing the life time cost to one fourth. There are two causes for alloy composition change and material deterioration; (i)change of main element concentration by the diffusion from metal coating and (ii)a contamination of impurity element depending on the environment such as sulfur. We aim to suppress them, to establish the recyclable technology while maintaining 100% strength and oxidation resistance, and to scale up to the extent that we can produce a large ingot.

Innovative Development of Strong and Formable Wrought Magnesium Alloys for Light-Weight Structural Applications

Shigeharu Kamado (Professor, Nagaoka University of Technology)

In order to reduce CO₂ emission from transportation vehicles by the weight reduction, strong, formable and low cost wrought Mg alloy is developed. To make it truly applicable to transportation vehicles, the developed alloy needs to have comparable room temperature formability and high strength with Al alloys. Using precipitation hardenable alloy, randomly oriented grain structure is formed to achieve the excellent formability, and nano-scale precipitates are dispersed to strengthen the final product. By establishing techniques to form such ideal microstructure based on the simulation studies and experiments, innovative wrought Mg alloys which can be used like Al alloy is developed.

Development and Evaluation of Carbon Alloys with Electrocatalytic Activity for Cathode Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Jun-ichi Ozaki (Professor, Gunma University)

The carbon alloy catalysts which have been developed by Ozaki et al. are innovative carbon materials which are expected to be substitute for noble metal catalysts used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Through past ALCA research the catalyst having a performance of about 650 mW/cm² in maximum output was developed.
In the future, the characterization of the carbon alloy catalyst and an effort for securing long-term durability will be conducted and diffusion of proton exchange membrane fuel cells will finally be promoted to contribute to the formation of a next-generation smart community.

Development of Advanced Hybrid Capacitor (AdHiCap)

Wataru Sugimoto (Professor, Shinshu University)

A novel hybrid supercapacitor (Advanced Hybrid Capacitor; AdHiCap^TM), which utilizes a water based electrolyte with a solid electrolyte was developed. This new ground breaking supercapacitor affords 10 times higher energy density compared to current state-of-the-art hybrid capacitors and has superior safety. As part of the on-going R&D of the AdHiCap^TM based on ALCA project, we have now improved the long-term stability of the water stable Li-based anode.
Our performance goal is 400 Wh/kg in energy density and 3 kWh/kg in power density, which should be realized through further improvement in anode performance as well as new electrolytes.

Development of a Reversible Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell for Efficient Hydrogen Production and Power Generation in the Fuel Cell Mode

Hiroyuki Uchida (Professor, CERC, University of Yamanashi)

We will develop novel high performance, durable electrodes in a solid oxide electrolysis cell for hydrogen production / power generation (solid oxide fuel cell mode), which can be applied as a reversibly operating device for a load-leveling of large-scale electric power from renewable energy such as photovoltaics or wind-power plants. We will also examine to establish a fabrication process of the cell/stacks, and clarify the subjects for constructing a practical system.

• Laboratory

Development of Metal Hydride/Air Secondary Battery

Masatsugu Morimitsu (Professor, Doshisha University)

This project aims to develop a metal hydride/air secondary battery consisting of a metal hydride electrode, an alkaline solution, and a bi-functional air electrode, in which electric energy is stored with water decomposition and is generated with water production. Water is the only active mass of this battery, providing a potential of high safety even with an increase in energy density, which is quite different from other types of secondary batteries. One of the targets in this project is to achieve a high energy density over 1500 Wh/L or 500 Wh/kg which is impossible to realize with lithium ion secondary batteries.

• Laboratory

Generation of Super-Engineering Plastics Using Microbial Biomass

Tatsuo Kaneko (Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

A fermentation system of microorganism, which produces 4-aminocinnamic acids having the ideal structure as materials of super engineering plastics in large amounts, is established and the super engineering bioplastics which are compatible with the metal substituting materials are developed. Further, a method of recycling with biodegradation for stocking carbon as carbon dioxide in the material system over the long term is developed, and creation of new concept of “carbon minus material”, which is a game changer for carbon neutral, is conducted.

• Press Release May 9, 2012 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release August 26, 2013 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release February 14, 2014
• Press Release April 22, 2016 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts

Michikazu Hara (Professor, MSL, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Based on cellulose-containing biomass, we are aiming at producing furan-based monomers such as 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2,5-bis (aminomethyl) furan (AMF) and the like through 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF). By solving this science and technology problem, we can sustainably achieve engineering plastics and high added-value polymers without using fossil resources and the CO₂ emission.

• Press Release June 28, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release January 7, 2019 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of Isolating and Manufacturing Technology of Single-Cyclic Aromatics from Natural Polycyclic Aromatics

Takao Masuda (Professor, Hokkaido University)

By separating cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin constituting woody based and grass plant based biomasses and by developing technology converting each component centered on lignin into useful chemical substances, it can lead to the development of a system for creating all resources of biomasses.

Depolymerization of Lignocellulose Catalyzed by Activated Carbons

Atsushi Fukuoka (Professor, ICAT, Hokkaido University)

We will develop new processes for the production of chemicals by depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass catalyzed by activated carbons, which contribute to CO₂ emissions reduction in our society. Inexpensive carbon materials are used as catalysts and we aim for the synthesis of valuable pentoses and hexoses from cellulose and hemicellulose in real biomass. Lignocellulose will be totally used by converting lignin into catalyst or fuel. We will also study the structure-activity relationship in catalysis and utilize it in the design of new catalysts.

• Laboratory

Promotion of Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity by Controlling Stomatal Aperture

Toshinori Kinoshita (Professor, ITbM, Nagoya University)

The stoma present on the epidermis of a plant is a sole inlet of carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis which is the plant-inherent metabolic reaction. It has been known that the stomatal resistance which is created in incorporating carbon dioxide through the stoma is one of the main rate restricting steps for photosynthesis. In the present research, a molecular mechanism for stomatal opening and closing is elucidated, and creation of a plant body in which the stomatal aperture is artificially controlled and identification of a compound controlling the stomatal aperture are addressed to seek the improvement of the photosynthesis activity (CO₂ uptake) and the plant productivity.

• Laboratory
• Press Release April 9, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Genome-Based Research and Development of Thermo-Tolerant Microbes Aiming at Low-Cost Fermentation

Kazunobu Matsushita (Professor, Yamaguchi University)

We have isolated thermotolerant microbes from tropical environment, and also acquired thermally adapted strains by means of experimental evolution. Using these thermotolerant and/or thermo-adapted strains, we have aimed at developing “high-temperature fermentation system”, and also at elucidating the mechanism of thermotolerance or thermal adaptation. Our approaches enable us to establish low-cost and robust fermentation systems, which could lead to Low Carbon Society by supporting the development of White biotechnology.

• Laboratory

Producing New Wood in Plant with No Wood

Nobutaka Mitsuda (Senior scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

In order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, it is requested to expand the production of second generation bioethanol using inedible plant woody material as an ingredient. The present issue is to develop a plant forming a new woody material which can produce bioethanol at a low cost and in large amounts in comparison with a normal wood material, by additionally expressing various genes in a plant which cannot produce the woody material due to mutation of important genes.

• Press Release October 2, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Effective Aquatic Biomass Production Utilizing Mutualistic Microorganisms

Masaaki Morikawa (Professor, Hokkaido University)

We are discovering unknown symbiotic actions on the surface of aquatic plants and creating highly functional vegetation units that are rationally redesigned. Thus developed highly functional vegetation unit without genetic modification absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus contained in wastewater as well as atmospheric CO₂ at high-speed as fertilizer and purifies water with light energy. Furthermore, its high growth rate enables efficient production of useful biomass containing abundant starch and protein etc.

• Laboratory

Artificial Control of Cytoplasmic Streaming as a Platform System for Plant Biomass Enhancement

Motoki Tominaga (Associate Professor, Waseda University)

An intracellular transport called “cytoplasmic streaming” occurs in the cell of every plant. We have shown that artificial increase in the velocity of myosin enhanced the plant size of Arabidopsis concomitant with the acceleration of the cytoplasmic streaming.
The purpose of this project is development of a platform system for biomass enhancement through increasing myosin velocity further and applying it not only to Arabidopsis but to rice.

• Press Release June 16, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release August 20, 2020 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release February 21, 2022 (Japanese Text Only)

Methane/Methanol Conversion by an Innovative Bioprocess Using Gas Phase Microbial Reaction

Katsutoshi Hori (Professor, Nagoya University)

The targets of this study are low grade methane emitted from wastewater treatment facilities and landfills and organic waste that potentially produces methane amounting to 1/9 of the used amount of natural gas. We will synthesize microbial cells with high methanol productivity through metabolic engineering, immobilize them in a high density by an original method using an adhesive protein, construct a gas-phase process without babbling and stirring, and convert methane into methanol, which is important as fuel and a hub chemical.

System of Superconducting Rotating Machines for Transport Equipments that Supports Low Carbon Society

Taketsune Nakamura (Program-Specific Professor, Kyoto University)

This proposal is based upon the system of high-temperature superconducting induction/synchronous machines of which pioneering studies have been conducted by the Kyoto University and AISIN SEIKI Co., Ltd.-academic group. The team is to make the overwhelming high functionality for the existing machines the ultimate and develop electric drive transport equipments that support low carbon society. In concrete, with the use of aforementioned rotating machine system, realization of de-rare earth components, optimization of variable speed, and practical direct drive transport equipments are executed, and then innovative low carbonization is defined clearly.

Development of High-Efficiency Polymer-Based Solar Cells

Itaru Osaka (Professor, Hiroshima University)

Organic solar cells based on semiconducting polymers, "plastic" solar cells, are expected to be a technology with low-cost and low-enviromental impact. In this project, we will create new high-performance semiconducting polymers by controlling their electronic and ordering structures, and aim at the energy converion efficiency of 15% which has not been achieved for "plastic" solar cells.

• Press Release September 24, 2015 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of Graphene-Based Carbon Materials for High-Rate Perfomance and High-Capacity Negative Electrode of Lithium Ion Battery

Yoshiaki Matsuo (Professor, University of Hyogo)

A novel carbon material "graphene like graphite (GLG)" showing high-rate performance, high capacity and low irreversible capacity will be prepared from the pyrolysis of graphite oxide. When it is used as a negative electrode of lithium ion battery, EV and PHEV will be more widely available, which result in the reduction of CO₂ emission.

High Temperature Materials Based on Multi-Element BCC Solid Solutions

Seiji Miura (Professor, Hokkaido University)

A new class of high temperature materials will be developed for reducing the CO₂ gas emission from the LNG power plant. BCC alloys mainly based on various elements will be explored for the matrix of the composite alloys with various compounds for obtainng high strength, high toughness and high oxidation resistance.

The Plant Breeding Revolution through the Development of Artificial Apomixis Induction Technique

Masaru Takagi (Professor, Saitama University)

Apomixis is a phenomenon that generates seeds without fertilization.The resulting seeds are maternally-inherited clones. In this project, based on our study of transcription factors. We are to develop a system to induce apomixis in various plants including crops.

Development of Magnetic Heat Pump with Layered Active Magnetic Regenerator

Tsuyoshi Kawanami (Professor, Meiji University)

A magnetic heat pump is an innovative ""green heat pump"" technology that is based on the entropy change caused by a change in the magnetic field in a particular kind of magnetic material. Further, it is an environment-friendly system that does not use chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a refrigerant. In order to achieve the practical use of the magnetic heat pump and enhance the performance of its application, the research related with the following challenges are conducted in this project:
(i) a design of layered active magnetic regenerator;
(ii) a development of quantity synthesis process with Mn-based compound; and
(iii) a development of kilowatt-class magnetic heat pump

Development of High-Efficiency Vertical Deep-UV LED Becoming the Substitute of Germicidal Mercury Lamps

Hideki Hirayama (Chief Scientist, RIKEN)

The use of deep ultraviolet light is attracting much attention for a wide variety of applications, such as sterilization, water purification, medicine and biochemistry, and so on. However, the production of present germicidal mercury lamps will be much supressed in near future because of their large environmental load. In this project, we will develop high-efficiency deep-UV LEDs becoming the substitute of germicidal mercury lamps. We contribute to low-carbon society realization by a significant reduction of the electricity loss of deep-UV LED.

High Frequency GaN Power Module System Integration

Katsuaki Suganuma (Professor, ISIR, Osaka University)

GaN power devices are expected to reduce the loss in electric energy conversion at the same time of shrinkage of module size by high frequency. Currently, the bottle neck is in the luck of heat resistant packaging beyond 200 ºC. Here we break through this issue by Ag sinter joining and maximize the GaN potential for the next generation of power devices. The developed thermal stress relaxation, non-destractive inspection and noise reduction technology with the aid of basic science and simulation will open a opportunity for the wide application of GaN power devices.

Development of Low-Cost REBCO Coated Conductors

Kaname Matsumoto (Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology)

For superconducting equipment with liquid hydrogen cooling, longlength superconducting wire with high performance needs to be developed at a low cost, in addition to the improvements of the superconducting engineering and cryogenics. In the present work at ALCA, the artificial pinning center technology, in which high Jc is demonstrated at 77K by artificially introducing crystal defects of the nano-scale to rare earth based high temperature superconducting wire, is newly applied at 10 to 30K to achieve the improvement of the wire performance by several tens of times over. By using the artificial pinning center technology, the necessary thickness of superconducting film can be reduced to a fraction of the conventional one, and as a result, drastic cost reduction in wire manufacturing can be established.

Development of Liquid Hydrogen Cooled MgB₂ Superconducting Power Apparatus

Yasuyuki Shirai (Professor, Kyoto University)

The issue is for low carbon technology based on the superconductive equipment with liquid hydrogen cooling and the hydrogen and electricity coordinated energy infrastructure based on it to be the key. We attempt to promote the introduction of a large renewable energy source by lowering the introducing hurdle of the hydrogen energy with positive utilization of the liquid hydrogen cooling, and by enhancing the flexibility of the more complex power system from introducing the high performance and high efficiency superconductive equipment. In the present ALCA research, we conducted development of elemental technology of superconductive equipment with liquid hydrogen cooling and its cooling system, investigation of the property of the superconductive wire for liquid hydrogen cooling, and the review of an effect upon introducing the hydrogen and electricity coordinated energy system.

Advanced Design and Casting Process Development of MoSiB-Based Ultra-High Temperature Materials

Kyosuke Yoshimi (Professor, Tohoku University)

In order to develop advanced high-pressure turbine blades able to use above 1500°C with no cooling system, Mo-Si-B-based novel ultra-high temperature materials are designed with pioneering concepts and their material properties are experimentally researched. Furthermore, toward the practical use of the ultra-high temperature materials, casting techniques possible to obtain a large-scale ingot applicable to high-pressure turbine blades are challenged to develop.

Integrated Research of Next-Generation Ultra-Heat-Resistant Ferritic Steels through Efficient Use of Nitrogen

Hideharu Nakashima (Professor, Kyushu University)

The application of boiler tube for next-generation thermal electrical power generation at 700°C with high efficiency and low CO₂ emission is supposed to develop a high strength thermal resistant steel. By effectively adding nitrogen which is a low cost and exhaustless elemental resource, compatibility of strength at high temperature and economy is targeted. While nitrogen has received less attention as an additive element for the steel, the developed steel in the present research has achieved 10 times the strength or more at high temperature compared with the existing steel, indicating a possibility of new material design. In the future, we will proceed with our efforts to further improve the strength and the application into actual equipment.

Development of the Novel Ceramics Having Self-Healing Function for Turbine Blade

Wataru Nakao (Professor, Yokohama National University)

We develop a self-healing ceramic with high mechanical reliability which can be applied as a jet engine member. Further, we propose and establish a new design standard utilizing damage tolerance due to the self-healing property which is the largest characteristic of the present material. By developing the unique-to-Japan light-weight and heat resistant new material, we contribute to the reduction of CO₂ emission by about 15% in the world aircraft industry.

• Press Release December 21, 2017

Advanced Heat Shielding Technology through Thermal Radiation Reflection Coating

Yutaka Kagawa (Professor, RCAST, The University of Tokyo)

The goal of this project is to develop high temperature thermal radiation energy reflection coatings with extremely stable under water vapor atmosphere materials. The coating is expected to apply SiC/SiC heat resistance lightweight components in aero-engine applications. Design of multilayer coatings using interference theory between electromagnetic wave and oxide ceramic multilayer has been carried out to obtain maximum reflectance of thermal radiation energy. Potential of the designed coatings will be proved using newly developed oxide materials.

New Continuous Titanium Production Process for Utilization as Light Vehicle and High Corrosion Resistance Materials

Tetsuya Uda (Professor, Kyoto University)

Titanium is superior in corrosive resistance and specifi c strength, and it is free of resource restriction. To establish a new production process for low cost titanium, we conduct research on a continuous process. Until now, we succeeded to obtain titanium through Bi-Ti alloy which is reduced from titanium tetrachlorides by magnesium. According to the phase diagram of Bi-Ti, solubility of Ti in Bi is 30 mol % at reduction temperature but it decreases dramatically at segregation temperature. With this unique features, we propose a new process consisting of reduction, segregation and distillation cells. At present, practical research is being conducted.

Development of Multi-Purpose Insulation Materials Based on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Aerogels

Kazuki Nakanishi (Associate professor, Kyoto University)

The innovative heat insulating material polymethyl silsesquioxane (PMSQ) xerogel has twice the heat insulating property of conventional materials such as polymeric foam, glass wool and other materials and has transparency to visible light. In past ALCA research, the flexural strength of the heat insulating material was successfully improved, which had been a bottleneck.
In this project, establishing a manufacturing process of granular xerogel and film forming process and further improving the strength of the material and heat insulating property of PMSQ xerogel is aimed for.

• Press Release January 11,2013 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release July 5, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Lignocellusic Biorefinery Using Ionic Liquids

Kenji Takahashi (Professor, Kanazawa University)

The follwoings are required for the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment methods.
· Applicable to all biomass, independent of crops
· Hemicellulose is not lost by pretreatment
· Lignin structure is not damaged in pretreatment
In this research, we achieve the above goal using ionic liquid which can dissolve biomass. We will also build a process that will enable the recycling of ionic liquids.

• Laboratory

Generation of Diatom Factory through Physiolomics toward a Novel Energy Source

Yasuhiro Kashino (Associate Professor, University of Hyogo)

Diatoms owe around a quarter of annual photosynthetic production on earth. Therefore, they possess infinite potential as a biofactory to produce valuable materials using solar light energy. In this project, we will bring out their potential by applying our original cutting-edge technology for the transformation of diatom. The generated diatom lines will be able to grow well under open-air light environments and become useful platforms to convert carbon dioxide into valuable metabolite using solar light energy through improved photosynthesis efficiency. Our project will contribute the establishment of carbon-neutral world by developing the industrial biofactory system utilizing the transformed diatoms.

Advanced Bioethanol Production by Acetic Acid Fermentation from Lignocellulosics

Shiro Saka (Specially-Appointed Professor, Kyoto University)

With the aim of establishing a low carbon society, ALCA research has been conducted for a new ethanol production process using acetic acid fermentation. The present process consists of hydrolyzing lignocellulosics by hot-compressed water without catalyst, followed by acetic acid fermentation of the obtained decomposed products, and ethanol production from acetic acid by hydrogenolysis. In this process, ethanol can be manufactured with high efficiency in comparison with conventional yeast alcoholic fermentation.

Development of Trilateral Steam Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery

Naoki Shikazono (Professor, IIS, The University of Tokyo)

Trilateral cycle is a heat engine which can achieve the highest exergy recovery efficiency from heat sources of finite heat capacity. It extracts work during adiabatic gas-liquid two phase expansion, which must be investigated intensively. In the present study, a novel vibration-free reciprocating expander is under development. Finally, optimal operation and control of the cycle will be examined to demonstrate the feasibility of the system.

Spatially Imaged Iris Plane Ultra Low Power Consumption Display

Tohru Kawakami (Researcher, Tohoku university)

A conventional display diffuses optical rays from screen or surface of display to free space. But only rays which pass through the pupil of human’s eyes are used. The most part of rays are not used. Our display gathers rays of displayed images near eyes of observer and horizontal area in which observers exist in a strong probability. Therefore the most part of rays are used.Consequently ultra high optical efficiency and ultra low power consumption are achieved.

Flammable Gas Recovery Technology for Oil and Gas Production

Izumi Ichinose (Deputy Director, National Institute for Materials Science)

Massive methane gas is emitted from oil and gas fields, and the volume is equivalent to the total emission volume of greenhouse gases in Japan. We develop a new water treatment process for the separation of colloidal oil in produced water, as an alternative technology of gas flotation (a main cause of methane emission). For this purpose, we design new polymer adsorbents that can capture BTX, C5+, and low boiling point hydrocarbons, improve the robustness of the adsorbents, and develop the mass production process.

• Laboratory

Research on Innovative Heat Resistant Super-Alloy Powder for AM Component Applied to Next-Generation Gas Turbine Hot Parts

Takeshi Izumi (Manager, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.)

In order to improve efficiency of gas turbine, application of cooling systems with complex shape which are impossible to be made through conventional method by utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) have been considering.
However, AM components made of current Ni based super-alloy exhibits insufficient creep strength at elevated temperature due to the effect of oxidation and nitridization during processing, and impossible to be used for high-temperature part in gas turbine.
In this project, aiming to develop innovative heat resistant Ni based super-alloy powder for high strength AM component, search for alternative element to replace easily-oxidizable Al, Ti which consist γ’ strengthening phase and robust alloy design to increase oxygen and nitrogen tolerance based on phase equilibrium to be conducted.

Development of a New Bio-Lipid Platform for Free Fatty Acids with Backbone Compounds

Eiji Sakuradani (Professor, Tokushima University)

In this research, we try to develop a new lipid production method by the analysis of metabolic profiles and the breeding of microorganisms. In cooperation with the chemical industry, we aim to contribute to society by converting the lipids obtained in the bio-lipid platform to chemical products, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by by realizing a small impact of bio-lipid platform on the environment.

Multidimensional Improvement of Plant Biomass Productivity Based on Artificially Induced Heterosis Technology

Keiichi Mochida (Team Leader, RIKEN)

In plants, interspecies hybridization and polyproidization of genomes often produce “hybrid” species with wider adoptability and a greater potential than parents. Our aim is understanding molecular mechanisms of hybrid vigor in plants by combinatorial approaches of computational biology and genome biology. Then, we will apply the molecular basis of hybrid vigor to develop “artificially induced heterosis technology” to improve plant productivity. Using the technology, we would improve plant biomass productivity, and contribute to resource and energy developments to reduce CO₂ emission.

• Press Release March 14, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Application of Internal Condensation Reactor System for Highly Efficient Methanol Synthesis Process

Kohji Omata (Professor, Shimane University)

A novel internal condensation reactor system will be applied for highly efficient methanol synthesis process from syngas. The system can release the thermodynamical limit to give high one-pass conversion. It is also applicable for direct conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol by hydrogenation with high yield to reduce green house gas.

Innovative Low-Temperature and High-Speed Growth Process for High-Quality SiC Single Crystal Films

Yuji Matsumoto (Professor, Tohoku University)

This project aims at development of the innovative atmospheric vapor source liquid phase epitaxy, in which the flux additive is regarded as a kind of catalyst in such a chemical process, and thereby the low-temperature and high-speed growth technique for high-quality SiC will be established under precise control of its polytypes. As the result, the expecting low power-loss devices of SiC, instead of the existing Si-based ones, ensure high efficiency use of energy in our society with smart grid technology.

Basic chemicals prepared by bio and catalytic technology

Takashi Arai (Group leader, Daicel Corporation)

The waste glycerol is converted into erythritol by the biotechnology, and then erythritol is produced into butanediol and so on by the catalytic technology, independently. The throughout industrial process in which the technologies proven successful for each purpose are fused is established to contribute to the reduction of CO₂ emission.

Development of high functional biosurfactant for mastering the bioplastic

Hiroshi Habe (Group leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

The biosurfactant is utilized as an additive for plastics towards innovative development for the material sophistication technology such as high-level dispersion of materials.

Development of “SHINAYAKA” cellulose nanofiber composite materials

Takashi Nishino (Professor, Kobe University)

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been employed to strong and hard constructional materials. Herein, we create “Shinayaka” (fl exible and strecthy) polymer composites with CNF.

Development of graphene capacitor contributing to a low-carbon society

Tang Jie (Group Leader, National Institute for Materials Science)

The unique characteristics of graphene such as huge specific surface area and autonomic nanopore formation lead to a highly sophisiticated supercapacitor by the core technologies of three dimensional stacking technology for single layer grpahene sheets and ionic solution system penetrating through nanopores in graphene electrode. High performance, low cost, safety and mentenance free graphene capacitors are developed by the core technologies and mounted to high power service vehicles.

Novel rechargeable non-lithium batteries using ionic liquids melting at middle-ranged temperatures

Rika Hagiwara (Professor, Kyoto University)

Novel sodium secondary batteries will be developed by introducing ionic liquids of which the melting temperatures are around 100 ºC as electrolytes. This technology will solve the problems of the conventional secondary batteries, uneven distribution of the resources such as lithium and cobalt, flammability of organic electrolytes which enables the increasing size and mass production of the batteries without losing their safety.

Development of organic inorganic hybrid high performance solar cells

Tsutomu Miyasaka (Professor, Toin University of Yokohama)

Nanobio design for solid-degrading enzymes:CO₂ bypass carbon cycling

Mitsuo Umetsu (Professor, Tohoku University)

Cellulose biomass is a water-insoluble matter that is hard to degrade. In this research, cellulolytic enzymes called cellulases are three-dimensionally reconstructed on the surface of nano-material to drastically improve the degradation activity. A bioprocess, in which useful organic molecules are produced from cellulose biomass with low energy and low environmental load, is constructed to establish a carbon circulating system in which carbon dioxide is bypassed.

Development of high efficiency silicon/perovskite two-terminal tandem solar cells

Takeshi Noda (Group Leader, National Institute for Materials Science)

We develop high efficiency two-terminal solar cells consisting of a silicon bottom cell and a perovskite top cell. By minimizing optical and electrical losses at an interfacial layer connecting the two cells and developing perovskite solar cells with high transparency for long-wavelength light and high open-circuit voltage, we aim for solar cells with the efficiency exceeding that of single-junction silicon solar cells.

Development of high efficiency silicon-based tandem solar cells using silicon- based nanomaterials

Yasuyoshi Kurokawa (Lecturer, Nagoya university)

We will develop high quality silicon quantum dots (QDs) solar cells for the application to the all silicon tandem solar cells. Si is an abundant and non-toxic material and the bandgap of a Si QD can be tuned by controlling its diameter. The Si QD is a promising material for tandem cells. However, energy conversion efficiency of Si QD cells is not enough yet. We will develop ① high quality Si QDs absorber・② Doped Si QDs layer・③ transparent conductive thin films with high temperature tolerance. These developments will contribute to drastic efficiency improvement of Si QD cells.

Electricity generation by combination of solar-pumped lasers and PV devices specially designed for monochromatic laser light.

Tomoyoshi Motohiro (Professor, Nagoya University)

We have fabricated a compact solar-pumped laser unit with a φ50 parabolic mirror and attained stable/continuous generation of laser light on a solar-tracking system. 2D array of the units makes the system scalable for a higher output power. Sunlight is once converted to a monochromatic laser light, and then it is converted to electricity efficiently using PV devices specially designed for the monochromatic intense laser light spot. Taking advantage of transmission of the laser light, the PV devices are separately retained in a conditioned room enabling long-term durability of high conversion efficiency even under extreme weather condition.

Development of cryogen circulation pump for cooling of high temperature superconducting power device

Kazuhiro Kajikawa (Associate Professor, Kyushu University)

Cooling systems required for high temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices are not in a realizable stage yet. In this study, a cryogen pump composed of cryogenic magnetic bearings and a superconducting motor is developed to support directly the installation of HTS power devices in the near future. A circulation cooling system with high efficiency, energy saving and low carbon emission is also constructed by using the fabricated cryogen pump and the existing cryocooler, heat exchanger, etc. Not only liquid nitrogen but also liquid hydrogen is focused on as target cryogens for circulation cooling systems.

Development of Intercalation Pseudocapacitors

Masashi Okubo (Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo)

Development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices is highly desired because of strong demands for their wide spread use in a smart grid. Although electrochemical capacitors are promising owing to the high power density, at present, the energy density is too low for practical application. This project develops electrochemical capacitors that achieve both the high power and the high energy densities, using intercalation pseudocapacitor electrodes.

Development of novel crop protection technology which can confer durable disease resistance to various crop species

Yoshiteru Noutoshi (Associate Professor, Okayama University)

Reduction of crop yield losses by diseases can greatly contribute to increase biomass production. In this study, small cyclic peptides which prime plant immunity will be identified by the original high-throughput screening method. Then, a methodology will also be developed which can synthesize the bioactive cyclic peptides inside plants to upregulate immunity. This novel crop protection technology is applicable to various crops and cannot be overcome by drug-resistance microbes, and thus it can confer durable disease resistance to broad range of pathogens. It is an alternative way which can complement agrochemicals and breeding.

• Press Release October 20, 2017 (Japanese Text Only)

Irreversible hydrolysis of esters and direct transformation of alkenes directing toward energy reduction of water separation

Makoto Tokunaga (Professor, Kyushu University)

In this project, we aim energy saving by improvement of current process of petroleum chemistry. Particularly, we will try partial or fundamental modification of the process of primary alcohol production from alkenes by introducing oxygen functionalities. We also aim energy saving production of higher alcohols as well as lower alcohols.

Pt-free fuel cell vehicle using liquid fuel as storage medium of electricity

Susumu Yamaguchi (Chief Coordinator, Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd)

Fuel cell technology using hydrazine hydrate which is one of the liquid fuels is developed in this project. Because liquid fuels like hydrazine hydrate can be transported and preserved by plastic bottle easily, electricity for vehicles and home use can be generated in smart communities. Moreover, precious-metal catalysts are not needed due to reaction in alkaline environment by anion exchange membrane. In the fi rst stage of ALCA, high performance and durability anion exchange membrane has developed. In this stage of ALCA which aim to realize this technology in the world, new synthesis technology with low energy is also developing.

Printable organic solar cell based on liquid crystal science

Masanori Ozaki (Professor, Osaka university)

On the basis of strategy cultivated in the field of liquid crystal science and technology, we aim to develop a perfect bulk-heterojunction with three-dimensional nano-scaled network for high-efficient organic thin film solar cell which can be fabricated using printing methods at atmospheric pressure. Using the self-organizing characteristics, controlled micro-segregation formation and miscibility of liquid crystals, well-controlled structure can be fabricated even in a simple production technique.

Advanced solar energy utilization systems based on high-temperature photonics

Hiroo Yugami (Professor, Tohoku University)

In this project, we will develop the thermal radiation spectral control technology based on high-temperature photonics. The targets of this object are to fabricate large area solar selective absorber surface with low cost processes, and to fabricate selective emitters which convert broad solar spectrum into quasi-monochromatic infrared thermal radiation. These devices will contribute to improve the efficiency of solar Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems and solar power plants.

Superconductor Electronic System Combined with Optics and Spintronics

Akira Fujimaki (Professor, Nagoya University)

We aim to build a computing system with lowered energy consumption for establishing low-carbon society. Based on a new type of the single flux quantum circuits, microprocessors and memories will be developed. Also, new cryogenic memories will be developed by using magnetic materials. In addition, the technique of single photon detection will be applied to optical interfaces.

Development of Synthetic Promoters for Accerelation of Biomass Production

Yoshiharu Y. Yamamoto (Professor, Gifu University)

In order to cope with social demands of biomass production, drastic plant breeding is necessary for various purposes. Thanking to the past scientific efforts that have been done worldwide, we now have considerable accumulation of knowledge about plant useful genes, potentially and actually. Next step is optimization of expression profiles so as to fit with plant materials (crops), purposes, and local conditions of the cultivation fields. This project develops synthetic promoters that can be used for a wide range of breeding demands.

Integration of nanostructures in crystalline silicon solar cells for advanced management of photons and carriers

Noritaka Usami (Professor, Nagoya University)

We propose to integrate nanostructures to consist of nanophotonic crystals and quantum dots in crystalline Si solar cells for advanced management of photons and carriers. By utilizing strong interaction between photons and nanostructures, absorption of lower energy photons by quantum dots, and suppression of carrier recombination by spatial separation of electrons and holes, we will demonstrate that proposed solar cells could drastically improve the performance of solar cells.

Development of high-efficient and high-intensity lighting using hollow nanoparticles

Masayoshi Fuji (Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology)

Hollow nanoparticles can be expected to exhibit various properties due to their unique structures. Recently, we have found that the hollow nanoparticles can be promising materials with high optical transparency. In this study, an intensity improvement of current LED lighting by 20 % is attempted using the hollow nanoparticles. Additionally, further 20 % increase of the lighting intensity will be achieved by combination with newly-developed fluorescent nanoparticles and hollow nanoparticles.

Artificial Photosynthesis System

Shunichi Fukuzumi (Professor, Meijo University)

In nature, the photosynthetic system utilizes solar energy for producing carbohydrates to store the energy. We are planning to develop artificial photosynthetic systems composed of well-designed organic electron donor-acceptor ensembles and catalytic systems for the solar energy conversion. Artificial photosynthesis consists of five units: ① the light-harvesting (LH) unit, ② the charge-separation (CS) unit, ③ the catalytic unit for water reduction, ④ the catalytic unit for water oxidation, and ⑤ the catalytic CO₂ fixation unit.

• Press Release March 1, 2012 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release April 20, 2012 (Japanese Text Only)

Smart Innovation on Nitride Semiconductor Solar Cells with Superstructure Magic Alloys: SMART

Akihiko Yoshikawa (Professor, Chiba University)

We challenge to realize high-efficiency nitride semiconductor solar cells with the conversion efficiency beyond 50 % through a proposed novel idea: SMART (Superstructure Magic Alloys fabricated at Raised Temperature). This innovation comes from careful and sophisticated solar cell design under optimum matching between nitride-semiconductor material properties and AM1.5 solar spectrum; an important issue is achieving through SMART technology both drastic reduction of current leakage around each subcell junction and extension of conversion wavelengths toward longer side for covering the solar spectrum. SMART consists of InN/GaN short-period superlattices and thermal- and/or photo-sensitization effect by SMART is also effective to achieve high-efficiency nitride tandem solar cells.

Spinodal Nanotechnology for Super-High Efficiency Energy Conversion

Hiroshi Katayama-Yoshida (Professor, Osaka University)

For the realization of ultra-low cost and super-high-efficiency energy conversion, we perform the multi-scale simulation and computational materials design of the self-organized nano-superstructures, self-regeneration method, new-materials fabrication method, environment friendly materials, and new functionality, based on the spinodal nano-decomposition. By controlling the self-organization and dimensionality in the fabrication process, we propose the universal theory and new principles for the realization of new functional materials. Finally, we will contribute to the future of humanity by developing and realizing the original and new spinodal nano-technology.

Development of environment-friendly solar cell made by clathrate compound of group IV elements

Tetsuji Kume (Associate Professor, Gifu University)

For decrease of emissions of greenhouse gases, it is required for solar cell to use environment-friendly materials as well as to achieve the high efficiency and durability. The purpose of our project is to realize the next generation solar cell which consists of a new "semiconductor clathrate material with the environment-friendly group IV elements (Si and Ge)", taking advantage of the potential ability of high optical absorption efficiency.

Realization of all crystalline ideal structure of organic photovoltaics and efficiency maximization by utilizing co-evaporant induced crystallization method

Toshihiko Kaji (Associate Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)

Organic semiconductors, such as an ingredient of paint, have potentially high carrier mobility and ideal semiconductor characteristics when purified and crystallized. In this plan, we try to functionalize these potentials in inevitably complexed structure of organic photovoltaics and aim for high efficiency to catch up to single crystalline silicon solar cells. For this aim, fabrication of nesting structure with free-scale in nm-μm is essential. We will establish this technology by utilizing our novel co-evaporant induced crystallization method.

Development of the high-efficiency photovoltaic rectenna

Shinji Nozaki (Professor, The University of Electro-Communications)

A combination of a rectifier and an antenna to receive RF power is referred to as an rectenna, in which the diode converts the high-frequency AC signal received by an antenna to a DC signal. The maximum frequency of operation of a diode is at most 5 THz. The objective of the project is to develop and commercialize the high-efficiency photovoltaic rectenna consisting of an ultra high frequency rectifier and a broad band antenna which can respond to light in the solar spectrum with frequencies from 150 to 1000 THz.

Novel metal-air battery using oxide ion conducting nano thickness film

Tatsumi Ishihara (Professor, Kyushu University)

High oxide ion conducting materials will be developed based on nanoionics effects and innovative metal-air battery will be developed by using the developed high oxide ion conductor for electrolyte. The aimed metal-air battery works based on a direct oxidation of metal like Fe or Li with permeated oxygen trough electrolyte, or oxidation with H₂/H₂O as a mediator.

Bottom-Up Fabrication of High Performance Compact Devices Using Single-Crystal Nanocubes

Kazumi Kato (Research Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

In order to develop bottom-up fabrication technology for high performance compact devices, basic issues such as synthesis, assembly, interface and characteristics of single-crystal nanocubes of dielectrics are investigated. Consequently, supercapacitors consisting of dielectric nanocubes will be able to expand their capabilities for high energy densities as well as high power densities.

Application of complex hydride-based fast ionic conductors to all-solid-state rechargeable devices

Atsushi Unemoto (Lecturer, Tohoku University)

The complex hydrides, which are different members of the oxides and the sulfides, are recently recognized as the third party of the rechargeable battery electrolytes. This study aims to apply them into the all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. We develop the design principles to achieve the higher energy densities than the conventional lithium rechargeable battery based on the correlation between the active materials compositions, their combinations and the structures, and device performances.

• Press Release August 26, 2014 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release October 15, 2014 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of Innovative Regulatory Techniques of Biofilms for production of clean energy

Nobuhiko Nomura (Professor, University of Tsukuba)

The primary goal of this project is the development of new regulatory techniques of microbial biofilms for the production of clean energy. In this project, we will integrate a new bioimaging analysis and micro fluidic analytical techniques to develop　high throughput analytic technology for biofilms, leading to innovative regulatory techniques of biofilm. These innovations should be beneficial not only for the production of clean energy, but also for the improvement in the regulation of biofilms in relation to low carbon technologies.

Molecular Breeding for Increasing Biomass Production in the Problem Soils

Naoko K. Nishizawa (Professor, Ishikawa Prefectural University)

Increasing biomass production in the problem soils where plant productivity is severely reduced contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide. We aim to improve biomass productivity by molecular breeding of new plants with tolerance to the alkaline soils and reduce carbon dioxide. To achieve this, we aim to clarify a new basic mechanism of plant tolerance to the problem soils.

An innovative Bacillus subtilis cell factory for industrial chemical production with high efficiency and flexibility

Naotake Ogasawara (President, Nara Institute of Science and Technology)

We aim to create a bioprocess-based cell factory for industrial chemical production, which currently depends on energy-consuming and CO₂-emitting chemical processes. Towards this goal, innovative genomic modifications in B. subtilis will be demonstrated to maintain and optimize cell growth as well as metabolic fluxes, enabling high efficiency and eco-friendliness in various chemical productions.

Development of Catalytic Gasification Process of Biomass at Low Temperature

Takayuki Takarada (Professor, Gunma University)

This research aims to develop highly efficient and thermally free-standable low temperature (400 °C) gasification process of biomass through the development of catalysts with higher performance and lower cost, advanced de-sulfurization and de-chlorination technologies and optimized operation condition of gasifier. This technology will promote the utilization of renewable biomass energy in Japan and other countries, and significantly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

Development of Exergy Recuperative Reaction and Separation System

Atsushi Tsutsumi (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

Recently, self-heat recuperation technology based on the exergy recuperative heat utilization principle has been developed, which can recirculate all process heat, leading to drastic process energy saving. By applying this technology to chemical processes for energy saving, we aim to develop the design methodology of innovative exergy recuperative processes for irreversible reaction systems in this project.

Creation of Catalytic Biomass-refinery without Glycation or Fermentation

Masakazu Iwamoto (Professor, Chuo University)

The present and next-generation biomass-refineries are working with old-style processes of separation of components, glycation, and fermentation. This study will be devoted to creation of novel catalytic biomass-refinery which will be operated only by various catalytic processes. Namely catalytic solubilization of lignocellulose into water and effective catalytic hydrogenation / hydrogenolysis of new platform compounds in water and so on would be developed.

Nanotube flexible electronics with minimal resource consumption

Suguru Noda (Professor, Waseda University)

Flexible electronics will contribute to renewable energy production and resource/energy saving by realizing various devices such as solar cells, e-papers, and organic LED lightings at low cost and large scale. This project will develop flexible electrodes/wirings commonly important in such devices by utilizing carbon nanotubes, which have both advantages of inorganic and organic materials. The game-changing technology for their high through-put, low-cost production will contribute to low carbon emissions through wide use of such devices.

Crystal Growth and Interface Control Technology of Group IV Semiconductor Thin Films for Multi-Layered Solar Cell

Osamu Nakatsuka (Associate Professor, Nagoya University)

We design the multi-layered solar cell structure with the group-IV semiconductor mixed crystals and develop its fabrication technology. We aim to realize the independent control of the lattice constant and energy band diagram by mixed crystal layers of multi-group-IV elements including carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin. We also develop the control technology of crystalline and interfacial defects by controlling the local and global strains with mixed crystal thin films. We attempt to establish the novel solar cell module structure with the ultra-high energy transformation efficiency.

Novel Thin Film Solar Cell Technologies for TW PV Generation

Shigeru Niki (Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

Chalcogenide solar cell technologies (CdTe and CIGS) have been leading the thin film solar cell technologies, though they have limitations in material supplies and cost reduction. In this project, thin film solar cell technologies based upon earth-abundant materials such as Cu and Fe will be investigated. Focus will be on the development of novel thin film deposition techniques and cell processes for new chalcogenide materials.

Development of waste-heat recovery system using natural heat engines

Tetsushi Biwa (Professor, Tohoku university)

We will develop a new waste-heat recovery system that has no moving parts. The heart of this system is the natural heat engine based on thermoacoustic spontaneous gas oscillations. Use of acoustic waves in place of mechanical pistons makes this type of engine different from conventional heat engines. Objective of this study is to improve the thermal efficiency up to 30% of the Carnot efficiency with the hot-end temperature of 200 ℃ and the cold-end temperature of 30 ℃. We will apply an original experimental method using external oscillating force, in order to enable the rapid design and analysis.

Tailor-Made Nanocrystals for Electric Storage Device

Satoshi Ohara (Associate Professor, Osaka University)

Recently, keen attention is attracted on controlling material function by the material structure. Nanotechnology is a typical example of this stage of technology. In this project, tailor-made nanocrystals with highly controlled material structure are used in order to develop high performance fuel cells, batteries and capacitors.

Development of High Capacitive and High Rate Charging-discharging Li-ion Batteries via Nanostructural Control

Isamu Moriguchi (Professor, Nagasaki University)

Reversible and stable multi-electron redox reactions for Li insertion/extraction, which do not proceed in bulk materials, are tied to be achieved by structural control of active materials in nanoscale. High performance Li-ion secondary batteries with extremely high capacity and rate-capability will be developed through designing and fabricating electrodes with the active nanomaterials. Especially, development of highly functional charging-discharging electrode materials will be challenged by creating novel nanosized active materials and nanocomposites of active material and carbon such as carbon-nanocoated active nanomaterials and so on.

Development of fuel cell and water electrolysis cell using nano-laminating technique for electrocatalyst fabrication

Tsuyohiko Fujigaya (Associate Professor, Kyushu University)

The target of this project is the development of fuel cell and water electrolysis cell using nano-laminating technique for the electrocatalyst fabrication. Nano-laminating method developed by our team is promising method to attach catalyst nanoparticle onto carbon nanomaterial without destroying the structure of carbon, which lead the high durability for fuel cell and electrolysis cell.

Design principle for high-power shape memory alloy operated by waste heat

Tomonari Inamura (Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Alloy composition and microstructures are controlled to maximize the output of new shape memory alloys that can operate above 373K. A new and challenging alloy design is proposed; the lattice defects that are origin of internal friction and fatigue damage are eliminated. This research project contributes to the realization of a clean power generation that can transform waste heat into electric power just by contacting the devise with low-grade and unused heat source below 473K.

Basic technology of large scale manufacturing of super lightweight reinforced composite materials with innovative CNT application techniques

Yoku Inoue (Associate Professor, Shizuoka University)

Super lightweight and strong carbon nanotube (CNT) composites (CNTRP) are newly developed by controlling the alignment of milli-meter-long CNTs in the composites. Basic research on large scale manufacturing technology of CNT is carried to reduce the present high price of CNTs, which has been preventing the constructive CNT application researches and developments. We establish the basic technology of large scale production of high-performance CNTRP. The new lightweight CNTRP will bring a big change in material weight in transportation systems, and will contribute to significant reduction of CO₂ exhausted from fossil fuel consumption.

Development of highly efficient silicon thermoelectric materials using nanoscale structure control

Shinsuke Yamanaka (Professor, Osaka University)

To commercialize thermoelectric power generation technology, highly efficient thermoelectric conversion materials made of environmentally friendly elements are essential. Utilizing various nano fabrication techniques and advanced silicon (Si) nano device technology, this study sets out to create a form of Si with a nanoscale-controlled structure exhibiting high-performance thermoelectric characteristics. This work is ultimately directed at the development of highly efficient bulk nano Si thermoelectric materials that deliver high performance between ambient temperature and about 300°C, with a view to application to automobile heat recovery systems.

Highly efficient saccharification of biomass by designer biocatalysts

Noriho Kamiya (Professor, Kyushu University)

The aim of this study is to develop a novel technology for assembling biocatalysts that play different roles in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. We will design new biomolecular building blocks and biocatalytic units for bioassembly, which leads to create a "designer biocatalyst" toward highly efficient saccharification process of cellulosic biomass.

Development of the key technology for design of novel lignocelluloses in plants by microbial functions

Shinya Kajita (Associate Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)

In order to achieve the low carbon society, we will generate novel lignocelluloses that include lignins with less inhibitory effects toward utilization of the plant biomasses. To do this, we will find out the microbial genes that are useful for tailor made of lignins and express them in the transgenic plants.

• Press Release January 9, 2015 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of a novel propanol fermentation process for bio-polymer production

Michihiko Kataoka (Professor, Osaka Prefecture University)

Propanol is expected as one of the feasible precursors of polypropylene, thus its production method from biomass is desired. In this project, microbial production of propanol from biomass using recombinant microorganisms will be examined, and a novel and efficient production system for bio-propanol would be developed.

CO₂/C1-fixation utilizing light energy by C1 microbe-plant symbiotic system

Yasuyoshi Sakai (Professor, Kyoto University)

C1-microbes widely distributed at phyllosphere can grow on C1-compounds, e.g., methanol, methane, as a single carbon source. They were recently found to promote the growth and crop yield of various plants. However, their mechanisms are unknown. This project will reveal the positive factors of C1-microbes on carbon fixation at molecular and chemical levels, and establish a technology to promote biomass production.

Development of core materials for solid oxide fuel cell operating at intermediate temperature

Takahisa Omata (Associate Professor, Osaka University)

Highly conductive protonic solid electrolyte and non-noble metal catalytic electrode materials are newly developed in this project for the solid oxide fuel cell operated at intermediate temperatures of 300 ~ 500 °C. We aim to establish a power-generating system that is consisting of a low cost methanol fuel cell without using noble metals and high heat-resistance materials.

Basic Technologies For Green Inverter Using Large Diameter Diamond Substrates

Hiroshi Kawarada (Professor, Waseda University)

In this proposal, basic technologies for ultra low loss inverter is going to be developed utilizing the advantages of diamond properties in single crystalline substrates and polycrystalline substrates which can be provided in large diameter. The channel structures formed by junction FET or metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) FET are combined with the drift structures formed by field plate or planar super junctions to develop new planar power FETs with high cost performance. The reduction of CO₂ emission of 10 million tons (about 1% of total CO₂ emission per year in Japan) is expected by the newly developed low loss inverters.

• Press Release August 23, 2012 (Japanese Text Only)

Development of III-V nitride solar cell and its application to concentrator photovoltaic system

Masatomo Sumiya (Principal Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science)

We will improve the quality of III-V nitride film in term of the application to photovoltaic device. Studying the correlation between defect and carrier transportation inside the film and at the interface of junction, we attempt to enhance the conversion efficiency. The feature of III-V nitride film is the potential converting shorter wavelength in the solar spectra to the electric power. We will propose the combination of III-V nitride solar cell and conventional concentrator photovoltaic device, in order to achieve the conversion efficiency more than 50%.

High performance silicon solar cell by solution process

Tatsuya Shimoda (Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

The aim of this research is to develop a solar cell with high cost performance by solution process using both liquid silicon materials and liquid metal oxide ones. The term of high cost performance means that high performance and low cost should be realized at the same time. The high performance will be achieved by enhancing properties of silicon film layers and their interfaces, introducing a tandem structure and developing a transparent oxide conductive electrode which has a light trapping structure with high performance. The low cost will be accomplished by cost reduction of liquid silicon materials, lowering the process cost by maturing the solution process and reducing the equipment cost. The ultimate purpose of the research is to develop the solar cell of which electricity cost is compatible with that of the conventional commercial one.

Construction of Hybrid-nanocarbon Solar Cells

Masaru Hori (Professor, Nagoya University)

Hybrid-nanocarbon solar cells, consisting of amorphous carbon, nanographene, nanodiamond and, their composites or stacks, are proposed as a novel solar cell in this project. The carbon solar cell is an ultimate devices from a viewpoint of the cost and we will challenge to fabricate the innovative solar cell by the breakthrough with advanced plasma science and technologies. This novel solar cell is certain to contribute not only a reduction of CO₂ emission in Japan but also a new development on plasma processing of materials.

Development of facile synthesis routes for single-crystalline transparent-conducting-oxides-coated glass substrates

Akira Ohtomo (Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

As for the environmentally benign metal-oxides, practical use has been pursued in many technological areas related to clean energy. Because of the lack of fabrication method of a large-area single crystal, however, the use of oxides’ original functions is currently limited. Our group will make a challenge to develop the fabrication method of a transparent oxide single crystal on glass materials under the mild condition where a natural mineral crystallizes. Such technological development would lead to low-cost production of various devices such as solid-state lighting, solar cell, high-Tc superconducting tape, and flat-panel display.

New strategic search for high-Tc superconductors by thin-film synthesis forefront

Michio Naito (Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)

This project aims at the search for new high-Tc superconductors by renovating the strategy from past "carrier doping to Mott insulators" to new "strong Cooper pairing via covalent bond". The material search is undertaken by thin-film synthesis forefront developed by the applicant. The goal of the project is to discover new superconductors with Tc > 77 K other than copper oxides.

Development of innovative superconducting electric power cable

Teruo Matsushita (Researcher, Kyushu Institute of Technology)

A superconducting DC power cable will be developed employing the longitudinal magnetic field effect that the critical current density of a superconductor increases dramatically in a parallel magnetic field. In order to realize the structure in which the longitudinal magnetic field effect appears the superconductors in the outer shield layer are twisted in one way so that the shielding current flowing there applies the axial magnetic field to the inner conductor. The superconductors in the inner conductor are twisted in the opposite direction so that the superconductor is parallel to the magnetic field. This leads to a significant enhancement of the current capacity from existing superconducting power cables.

Development of layer-integrated steel that enables both high performance and low CO₂ emission

Toshihiko Koseki (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

High performance steels are necessary for competitiveness, safety and reliability of steel products and infrastructure, and they are currently produced from blast furnace steel route, which leads to a significant emission of CO₂, approximately 15% of the total CO₂ emitted in Japan. In this research project, a layer-integrated steels that consist of recycled steel and can achieve both high performance and low CO₂ emission will be developed by using recycled steel through multi-scale structure.

Development of bioplastics using inedible polysaccharides

Masatoshi Iji (Research Fellow, NEC Corporation)

In the project, we develop an advanced bioplastic to greatly reduce gas that causes global warming by using stably supplied inedible plant resources: polysaccharides such as cellulose. We aim to produce the bioplastic by effectively bonding natural organic compounds to the polysaccharides with minute and rigid structures that are naturally created. The bioplastic will realize good practical properties, a high plant ingredient ratio (a high reduction ratio of petroleum), and a low amount of CO₂ generation in the production, less than 50% of those of petroleum-resourced plastics with similar properties.

• Press Release May 8, 2014

Nitrogen Revolution: Introduction of Nitrogen Fixing Ability to Photosynthetic Organisms

Yuichi Fujita (Associate Professor, Nagoya University)

Current population of almost 7 billions depends on high yield agriculture that is only achieved by application of nitrogen fertilizer produced by industrial nitrogen fixation with burning a lot of fossil fuel. Vast amount of carbon dioxide is emitted by this process. In this project, I try to establish basic technology to create nitrogen fixing crops by introduction of genes for nitrogen fixation from diazotrophic bacteria.

• Press Release April 22, 2014 (Japanese Text Only)
• Press Release May 9, 2018 (Japanese Text Only)

Research & Development of Innovative Processes for Bio-based Polymer Ingredient from Cellulosic Biomass

Katsushige Yamada (Research Fellow, Chief Research Associate, Toray Industries,Inc.)

In this research, we develop bio-based nylon ingredient production processes from cellulosic biomass as raw materials. Towards this goal, innovative biocatalysts (enzymes and microbes) and their recycling technologies are also investigated to optimize an overall process and reduce the production cost. Green nylon made form cellulosic biomass is expected to share the market with existing nylon to reduce GHG gas emission.

Development of an universal CO₂ permeation membrane for innovative energy-saving and energy-generation chemical processes

Hideto Matsuyama（Professor, Kobe University）

Various processes have been proposed to realize the low carbon society via separation and purification of CO₂. However, because of several limitations such as variation of gas properties, high energy cost for operation and large size of the separation units, conventional CO₂ separation technologies have not yet been sufficiently applied for commercial processes. In this project, we try to develop a novel CO₂ separation membrane incorporating a reactive and functional ionic liquid as a CO₂ carrier. The CO₂ separation membrane with high performance for various gas mixtures will be developed with the aid of molecular simulation and advanced analysis of physical and chemical properties.

Decomposition of CO₂ by combining zirconia anode and molten salt electrolysis

Ryosuke O. Suzuki（Professor, Hokkaido University）

By blowing CO₂ gas into molten salt, it is electrochemically decomposed into carbon and oxygen. Oxygen is taken from the inside of zirconia anodic tube that is permeable for oxygen. Carbon is picked up as the mixture of amorphous carbon and carbon nano-tubes. We aim to study the efficient conditions, mechanism and speed for CO₂ decomposition, and to challenge to minimize the operation temperature.

Ultra-high Voltage, High Efficiency, and Compact Vacuum Power Switch

Daisuke Takeuchi（Senior Research Scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology）

The purpose of this project is to develop "ultra-high voltage, high efficiency, and compact vacuum power switch" with making use of a combination of high breakdown voltage of a vacuum and a unique property of diamond in electron emission. It requires huge ultra-high voltage system to transmit generated electric power from far regions, while this device will minimize the sizes of such systems, and contribute to establish smart power grids. This technology will enable us to develop and distribute huge amount of renewable energies such as off shore window powers in whole areas of Japan, and in the world.

• Press Release December 9, 2012

Fabrication of Solar Heat Thermoelectric Materials by Controlling Ordered Structures and Phase Interfaces

Yoshisato Kimura (Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

The aim of this research project is to establish the thermoelectric power generation system which is based on the direct and clean conversion from solar heat into electrical power. We challenge to fabricate high performance thermoelectric materials without depending on neither toxic nor rare elements from the viewpoints of environment and economy. To achieve the n-p type property conversion and remarkable improvement of thermoelectric performance, we focus on controlling ordered crystal structures and microstructure involving phase interfaces in multi-scale. The idea of combining thermoelectric modules together with solar cells leads to the widespread use of the system, which can be developed as emergency power supply system to get prepared for unexpected disaster and to ensure the safety of the community.

Development of Highly Efficient, Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Hiroshi Imahori (Professor, Kyoto University)

The objective of this research is to synthesize novel sensitizers including porphyrins for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells of which the device performance exceeds that of expensive ruthenium-based dye-sensitized solar cells. On the basis of rational molecular design and advanced device technology, we are aiming to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 15% by improving the light-harvesting, electron injection, and charge collection efficiencies.

Development of a solar hydrogen system by photocatalysts with a large scalability

Kazunari Domen (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

The utilization of hydrogen produced cleanly by water splitting under solar irradiation for energy and/or chemical resources will lead to low carbon society. In this project, we will develop a hydrogen production system based on photocatalysts for water splitting, which has high efficiency and a large scalability. Our final goal is to establish a promising photocatalytic system for water splitting, which has solar energy conversion efficiency of 5 %.

Development of silicon/germanium multi-junction solar cells having a novel structure

Wenchang Yeh (Associate Professor, Shimane University)

Novel multi-junction structured solar cells using silicon and germanium are developed, with using sputtering hetero-epitaxy of germanium on silicon. By making use of germanium layer, photons with wavelength between 700 and 1500nm which is used to be difficult for silicon film can be absorbed in excess. Further breakthrough of energy conversion efficiency in silicon based solar cells is expected.

Development of energy conversion devices using colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles

Taro Uematsu (Assistant Professor, Osaka University)

Nanoscaled metals and semiconductors have special properties relative to the bulk. Although highly efficient solar cells utilizing nanostructures are being proposed, conventional nanotechnology cannot afford to manufacture these devices on a large scale. This project focuses on the development of next generation solar cells with nanostructure based on the self-assembly techniques of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles which are synthesized by the wet process.

Development of novel types of photocatalysts for CO₂ utilization using sun light

Osamu Ishitani (Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

For development of CO₂-utilization technologies using solar light as an energy source, we will develop novel types of Z-scheme photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction constructed with both metal-complex and semiconductor photocatalysts. Metal-complex photocatalysts constructed with abundant metals will be also investigated.

Development of new solar cells comprised of nanocarbon

Tsuyoshi Yoshitake (Associate Professor, Kyushu University)

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD)/hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) composite (UNCD/a-C:H) films, which are comprised of diamond crystallites with diameter of less than 10 nm embedded in an a-C:H matrix, possess large optical absorption coefficients in the visible range due to a large number of grain boundaries. Here, the grain boundaries exactly means that the interfaces between UNCD crystallites and those between UNCD and an a-C:H matrix. We have confirmed evident photoconduction corresponding to the large optical absorption. In this work, we are committed to apply this photoconduction to photovoltaics.

Computer Architecture for Stabilizing Next Generation Low Power Devices

Yasuhiko Nakashima (Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology)

From now on, the engineers should establish tolerant and stable computer architecture for using next generation ultra low-power devices that handle information employing tiny transition of energy level. We explore several cutting edge techniques to enhance dependability of next generation computers that will be developed with some ultra low-power device with the aim of collaboration of researchers in the field of devices and computer architectures.

Development of high performance anodic material for metal secondary battery using TCNF with unique nano-gate structure

Seong-Ho Yoon (Professor, Kyushu University)

Selective preparation of novel high performance anodic material for metal secondary battery using TCNF with unique nano-gate structure is studied, which contains target metal only inside of TCNF and does not let metal particle but only metal ion allow to enter and leave inside space of TCNF through nano-gate structure. Such metal charged TCNF with unique nano-gate structure can suitably allow the very effective anodic material for metal secondary battery with high capacity, high rate and high reliance. For the 1st stage, the optimization of nano-gate structure of TCNF, the charge of target metal to only inside of TCNF-NG and the proper electrochemical charge-discharge characteristics of target metal ions through the nano-gate structure are focused to early realize the anodic materials for Li and Na metal secondary battery systems.

Research Development for Light Metallic Giant Capacitor

Mikio Fukuhara (Specially Approved Research Scientist, Tohoku University)

This study is development of physically giant storage materials which are different from alkaline type fuel cell based on usual electrochemical reactions. Our aim lies in development of giant electric storage capacitor with 1,000 F/cm3, using of nano-capacitors stored among nanometer sized clusters in glassy and crystalline alloys. We investigate realization of the immediate future-electric and electronic devices with smallest-lightest metallic capacitors, by aids of controlling of tunnel structures and joining of ribbon specimens.

Development of optically-active thermoelectric materials

Ichiro Terasaki (Professor, Nagoya University)

Light emitted from the sun and waste heat produced from human activities are precious energy sources in our country which lacks any other energy resources. Photovoltaics and thermoelectrics are the technologies that convert these energies into electric power, but seem to run into an impasse technologically at present. We try to unify the two technologies and create a new science on optically-active thermoelectric materials in which light energy and heat can be converted into electric power at a much higher efficiency than the state-of-the-art technologies. Using such materials we propose a new direction to developments of energy conversion materials.

Development of novel thermoelectric materials using flat-band mechanism

Minoru Nohara (Professor, Okayama University)

We are wasting huge thermal energy, which remains in hot water of baths, automobile exhaust, unused heat from power plants and incinerators, for instance. This research aims to develop novel thermoelectric materials, which harness the remaining heat to generate electricity. The goal will be to realize rare-metals free and high-efficient materials using flat-band mechanism.

Engineering for the composite production of chemical building blocks and electricity from cellulosic biomasses

Kiyohiko Igarashi (Associate Professor, University of Tokyo)

Cellulose is a major component of plant cell wall and the most abundant biomass in nature. However, production of energy and materials from cellulosic biomass involves many difficulties. We attempt here to establish the biomass utilization process using the enzymes from filamentous fungi for the production of chemical building blocks and electricity at the same time from cellulosic biomass, which contributes development of low-carbon society.

Development of organic materials for solar cell by combinatorial biochemistry

Daisuke Shibata (Department Head, Kazusa DNA Research Institute)

To find novel chemical structures for developing dyes suitable to a dye sensitized solar cell, we search a diverged array of natural products produced by plants and microorganisms. Low-cost novel dyes will be developed from selected chemical structures by means of combinatorial biochemistry, in which biological and chemical techniques are combined to produce diverged dyes.

Innovation of super photosynthesis and bioproduction by enhancing CO₂-concentrating ability

Hideya Fukuzawa (Professor, Kyoto University)

Micro algae have capability to concentrate inorganic carbon into the cell and to produce various useful energy compounds such as triacylglycerol containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, such capabilities will be clarified at the gene level and used to enhance photosynthetic carbon fixation. We also develop technologies, which enable us to modify metabolic pathways to convert fixed carbon into valuable materials, for example, used for chemical industry. We will identify useful genes by analyzing genomic structure and gene expression patterns in green algae.

• Press Release October 28, 2016
• Press Release May 27, 2015

Development of base technologies for drop-in fuel production by bioprocess

Norihiro Mitsukawa (Research Manager, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.)

Establishment of a low-carbon society can be promoted by the spread of biofuel used for vehicle, such as automobile. This research develops a technology of improving the function of a living thing by large scale genome reorganization. Furthermore, we challenge development of a system which produces efficiently the drop-in fuel which does not need change of a vehicle and a fueling infrastructure.

Towards a low-carbon life unconsciously! Smart energy management systems for creative space

Mamiko Koshiba (Research Fellow, Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology)

Saving energy at home/office is in urgent need. This study aims to develop a technology based on intelligent space management systems that help people to use energy save mode without consciously being aware of it. Cheap and simple biorhythms sensors attached on the body and environments learn a single or multiple users' expectations and implement adaptive low-energy consumption at multi-modal equipment. This will promote human ability to adapt to environment, and will consequently improve our mind and body.

Development of rare earth free-semiconductor secondary battery

Hiroshi Kajiyama (Professor, Hiroshima University)

The purpose of this project is to develop a high efficiency secondary battery by using an electron storage phenomenon found in the semiconductor made mainly of Mg and Zn. A photo-induced-structural-change is necessary requirement for the electron storage in this system.　By clarifying the further mechanism of electron storage, device structure and material processing are optimized. The energy density of 20,000 Wh/kg (～a hundred time of Li ion battery) is the performance goal.

Li-Si based nanocomposites for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes

Hirotomo Nishihara (Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Si is one of the powerful candidates for next-generation anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, a large volume expansion of Si upon Li insertion can totally destroy the structure of the whole electrode, resulting in a quite poor cyclability. In this work, we overcome this problem by using Li22Si5 alloy as an anode material. Our target is to develop an anode material with 5.4 times larger gravimetric capacity together with 2.4 times larger volumetric capacity than the conventional graphite anode.

Development of advanced applied microbiological technology for low-carbon bioproduction of chemicals

Junichi Kato (Professor, Hiroshima University)

We will develop base technology for bioproduction of chemicals to achieve significant reduction of CO₂ emission in chemical industry. For this purpose, we will develop technology for 1) bioproduction of hydrophobic chemicals using organic solvent tolerant bacteria as host strains, 2) novel biocatalysts that enable byproduct-free production and can be handled as easily as chemical catalysts. We will also establish novel biocatalyst immobilization technology required for continuous process and downsizing of process.

Improving the efficiency for metabolism of autotrophic microorganisms

Masaharu Ishii (Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo)

In this research project, we use two species of hydrogen bacteria, one with optimum growth temperature of 50 °C and the other with 70 °C. We aim at improving the efficiency for carbon dioxide fixation and energy acquiring system. We also aim at improving the productivity of biomass and useful materials through the introduction of new technique. For these purposes, we promote the following researches; (1) to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide fixation enzymes, (2) to improve the efficiency of energy acquiring, (3) to develop a system to make useful materials from carbon dioxide, and (4) to develop a new cultivation technique.

Creation of tuber plants with exceptionally high productivity for sustainable low-carbon society

Akiho Yokota (Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology)

We have achieved to create potato plants with 3.5-times higher productivity on the fresh weight-basis than the original wild plants. This R&D aims at clarifying the function of the root growth-promoting gene from wild watermelon in potato tuber development and improving productivity of potato, sweet potato and cassava by introducing the root gene and other promising genes into these plants. We hope this R&D will contribute to building of sustainable low-carbon society.

• FS Stage Projects (Japanese Text Only)