This report describes global trends in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy, interactions between states, trends in international frameworks, and international organizations and forums working across national boundaries.

The foundations of STI policy, which have been built since the end of World War II, are being shaken since the global situation is becoming more uncertain and complex, with increasingly serious global challenges, rapid development of emerging technologies and their impact on society, and intensifying conflicts between states

For the past 30 years, economic competitiveness has been an important reason for governments to support STI activities in most countries. Today, however, STI policies continue to change, overlapping with industrial, security and foreign policies, driven not only by economic competitiveness but also by the need to address global challenges such as sustainability, resilience, quality of life and security. As the values and systems that STI policies aim to promote are under pressure to change, governments are adopting new measures to address a wide range of domestic and international challenges by closely linking STI policies with key strategies and policies such as security, industry and foreign policy.

In this context, related organizations around the world are working to establish robust STI systems through various initiatives and partnerships. For emerging and fundamental technologies of security importance, collaboration is being strengthened with countries that share common values. At the same time, global challenges such as the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), combating climate change and emerging infectious diseases, require cooperation across the world, including with geopolitical rivals. Furthermore, there is a move to promote international cooperation with the countries of the Global South, which are increasing their presence in the economic and political spheres.

This report provides an overview of recent strategies and initiatives by various countries, regions, and international forums, and summarizes dynamic trends from the perspective of STI policy and diplomacy. We hope that this report help you recognize the growing global importance of science and technology in national strategies and policies, and help you consider the measures that Japan should take.