As research and development of system software to support security, safety, and trust in the Society 5.0 era proposed by Japan, this proposal proposes a research and development strategy on system software to solve issues related to security, privacy, and platforms.

The goal of Society 5.0 is to create is a data-driven society where people and things are connected, various knowledge and information are shared, and new values are created that have never been seen before. In a data-driven society, data, which is the source of competitiveness in the digital age, should not be held by a specific country or company but should be freely distributed while ensuring privacy, security, intellectual property, and other safety features. At present, however, most of Japan's data is under the control of the US IT giants represented by GAFA. To counter this data hegemony, it is necessary to implement a framework that balances free data distribution and personal information protection.

Japan is depending on foreign countries for hardware and operating systems. The trend toward openness and commoditization of information systems since the 1990s has resulted in the loss of its R&D opportunities related to the foundation of information science and technology, and the loss of its international competitiveness in both industrial and academic areas. The source of GAFA's competitiveness is their business models and the foundation of information science and technology. If Japan neglects the foundation of information science and technology, it will not be able to realize the society that Society 5.0 aims for. Furthermore, in the information and communication industry, without strengthening the foundation of information science and technology, it will be difficult for Japan to strengthen its international competitiveness by leveraging its strengths in IoT and robotics.

Meanwhile, the new coronavirus pandemic has provided an inevitable opportunity to reexamine what people had taken for granted in terms of how they work, how they learn, and how they receive medical care. Toward the reaffirmed value with the new normal, Japanese society is required to thoroughly implement DX (Digital Transformation) initiatives to transform itself through IT. This is the realization of Society 5.0, which was proposed in 2016 as a human-centered society that balances economic development and the resolution of social issues, and the coming era toward the realization of this society is called the "Society 5.0 era. This proposal focuses on research and development to solve issues related to security, privacy, and platforms among the fundamental technologies of information science and technology because this proposal believes that these are the common, as well as urgent, issues that need to be solved in the social system of the Society 5.0 era.

Firstly, concerning security issues, attacks via the Internet used to be the main security threat, but in recent years, new threats have emerged that target new vulnerabilities in the core of the computing environment, such as microprocessors and operating systems. It is necessary to go one step further to develop technologies that enable the software to run safely and correctly even in untrustworthy computing environments. Concrete research and development issues include safety-oriented computer architecture technology, technology to build a trusted execution environment, and secure OS technology to realize comprehensive security from edge to cloud.

Besides, as for issues on privacy in a data-driven society, data serves as a critical asset, and personal information, confidential corporate information, and research data must be safely managed and utilized. However, there is no sign of an end to leaks and tampering that exploit the vulnerability of the system. To ensure privacy, it needs to go one step further to develop technologies that ensure data con¬dentiality based on the premise that data on open networks can be seen. In terms of technology, possible R&D issues include trust assurance technology based on secret computation, distributed authentication technology that can dynamically control the range of mutual trust and disclosure level, and distributed data collection and analysis technology based on secret computation. On the other hand, as seen in the contact tracing of COVID-19, it is also an area where national interests and privacy intersect, so it is necessary to conduct research that includes knowledge from the humanities and social sciences.

The final challenge is to establish a platform technology that supports security, safety, and trust in the Society 5.0 era. This is because research results have social signi¬cance only when it contributes to the real world. The platform technology must enable data distribution and information processing while ensuring detailed security requirements and privacy assurance, by considering the entire system from the perspective of by-Design, rather than the conventional follow-up measures. However, since it is not realistic to replace the platforms IT giants provide at this time, this proposal assumes that the proposing system will run on various existing platforms. Concrete research and development issues include management and control technologies for distributed data processing environments consisting of various execution environments, high-performance implementation technologies for security and privacy processing, and technologies for proving the authenticity and provenance of data.

n the promotion of research and development, basic research (theory) and applied research (system foundation) will be conducted simultaneously. In theory, it is necessary to collaborate with researchers in the ¬eld of mathematics, on which computer science depends. On the other hand, in the system foundation, the target system environment is important for demonstrating the research results. From the viewpoint of researchers' human resource development, the system should be used in real systems and contribute to society to give them experience, confidence, and a sense of accomplishment. The research and development platforms of Japanese universities and national laboratories are strong candidates for this purpose. In the execution of the project, it is essential to build a research system that brings together researchers from different ¬elds and industry and academia under one roof and use this as a foundation for human resource development for the future.

By implementing this proposal, three scientific and technological benefits are predicted to be achieved. First, by having researchers in theory and system infrastructure work together in the same project, it will be possible to build a basic theory that will contribute to the system infrastructure of the Society 5.0 era. Second, researchers in the areas of architecture, operating systems, databases, security, and languages can work together to solve the security and privacy issues that continue to become more sophisticated and complex, thereby establishing a fundamental solution method that does not follow suit. The third is to strengthen the international research and development community. It is dicult for a single country to solve a problem like this one. Inviting top-notch researchers from overseas, managing joint projects with overseas funding agencies, and disseminating research results not only in the form of papers but also as open-source software are all opportunities for international collaboration. This strategic proposal believes that this will contribute to the international community and improve the capabilities of Japanese researchers.

Finally, as a socioeconomic effect, in the short term, it will reduce privacy violations and security concerns, and decrease direct and indirect damages caused by security events. In the medium to long term, the results of this proposal will help solve various social issues through digital innovation and data-driven solutions, leading to the realization of Society 5.0, a more humane and happy society. Internationally, the project will promote the creation of new businesses and social innovations in the ICT technology ¬eld, the formulation of standardization proposals, and human resource development, and will contribute to the promotion of science and technology innovation toward the achievement of the SDGs.