The achievement of nanotechnology R&D will be returned to the society in the form of nanodevices or nanosystems such as data processing device, recording device, communication device, energy device, and sensors. Any of these nanodevices and nanosystems are important for the industry in Japan in the future.

To create these nanodevices and nanosystems, "synthesis-type" R&D is required. In synthesis-type R&D, a targeted nanodevice or nanosystem is created by integrating or fusing multidisciplinary technology and knowledge in the following way: 1) The new nanodevice or nanosystem is proposed based on existing or potential social needs and industrial technology trend, 2) The conception is broken down into technological elements to be studied or developed, 3) The technological elements are demonstrated by the prototype of the targeted nanodevice or nanosystem and concurrently-performed application-oriented basic research. In addition, the efficient manufacturing technology for the nanodevices and nanosystems must be developed, because the present nanomanufacturing technology is fragmentary and immature. Otherwise, the developed nanodevice and nanosystem cannot attain the final phase of commercialization even if the R&D is advanced.

Then, in this strategic program, we propose the following two types of R&D.
1. Synthesis type R&D which creates the prototype of new nanodevices and nanosystems
2. Technology development for efficiently manufacturing the nanodevices and nanosystems in industrially-feasible form and scale

The examples of the potential targets for Type 1 R&D are shown as follows:
1) Information & communication device/system: high-performance system LSI integrating RF components, optical components and other MEMS, proof-of-concept quantum computing devices, optoelectro devices integrating photonic nanostructures and advanced electronic circuits, etc.
2) Bio and mechanical device/system: self-controlled and self-powered sensor with wireless communication function, high-throughput DNA sequencing system for low-priced personal DNA analysis, advanced nanotool for scientific researches, etc.

Type 2 R&D aims to produce manufacturing technology which is possible to scale up for the commercialization of the nanodevices and nanosystems, of which examples are shown as follows:
Integration of top-down and bottom-up processing technology, the manufacturing technology for 3D or other novel CMOS, low-temperature processing technology to integrate bio and mechanical devices with advanced integrated circuits, the replacement of poisonous substances and rare materials by nanomaterials or nanostructures, etc.

For promoting R&D projects efficiently, this strategy also makes following proposals: 1) the construction of funding and evaluation systems suitable for synthesis-type R&D; and 2) sustainable operation method of R&D infrastructures such as R&D center and common facility.