Here we provide the Panoramic View Report (2019): Integrated Version. In this report, we aim at compiling the key points of Panoramic View Reports 2019 in each area and give the general overview with considering the situation on society or relevant policies.

In the world, the values based on democracy, market principles and science and technology (S&T), which have been fostered in the United States and Europe, have promoted globalism. However, the world's politics and economy are made unstable by the United States'nationalism and the rise of China. The values above are wavering. The international competition has spread to the fields of S&T. The keen competition is going on particularly in the fields related to national security such as AI/IoT, quantum technology, biotechnology. The rapid advancement of information and communication technology is changing industrial structure and IT is a crucial factor for industrial competitiveness of a company.

There are growing concerns on S&T such as the ELSI related to AI or genome editing while expectations for science, technology and innovation (STI) in society are also growing. This is supposed to be reflecting the fluctuation of the values mentioned above. As policy measures for realizing innovation, it is getting clear to integrate relevant S&T policies into an innovation ecosystem and promote them as a whole.

Under these circumstances, Japan is promoting STI by setting the goal of "Super Smart Society = Society 5.0" to realize a better future society. There is concern that the relative position of Japan has macroscopically declined while there are, of course, some research areas in which Japan still holds superiority. Japan's research capability has to be reinforced as an urgent issue. There are some efforts to realize innovation such as a center-based program being implemented for the creation of an innovation ecosystem, although it is still in the middle.

The global trend and Japan's issues in the major research field are as follows. In the field of Environment and Energy, one of the major global concerns is climate change and, to tackle this issue, serious discussion on decarbonization is going on. Circular economy is another major topic. From the view point of S&T, developing and operating the internet of things with advanced sensors and communication technologies, and highly sophisticated analysis by utilizing various data are major cross-sectoral technological trends. Since renewable energy such as solar power and wind power are highly fluctuated, power conversion and storage in an affordable way and at large scale are recognized as key technologies. R&Ds for such areas are actively in progress. Model evolution and refinement and utilization of big data are key issues in various areas of environmental field such as earth observation, impact assessment of climate change and development of measures for adaptation to climate change. In Japan, there are many issues to be tackled but the following items are quite important towards the development of sustainable society: management of energy network in which renewable energy is widely introduced; quantitative assessment of the environmental and social impacts of manmade materials and its wastes such as plastic wastes; establishment of innovative circular economy; and strengthening the foundation of science and engineering for this field.

Systems and Information Science and Technology is a general-purpose basic technology. It exerts effects in various social systems, industries, and other science and technology fields. It also accelerates problem solution and new industry creation in various fields. In the field of System and Information Science and Technology, "being smart", "being system and complex", and "being software and service" are major technological trends. "Being smart" is a trend brought by smaller computers combined with machine learning technology. "Being system and complex" is a trend where all systems in the world are connected in real time through a network. "Being software and services" is a trend where even people and assets are utilized as service components. Japan's issues are fostering and securing human resources capable of solving problems by utilizing various information science and technology including artificial intelligence technology, transformation of social systems and industrial structures that fully utilize IT, challenging advanced technologies like next-generation AI and quantum science and technology, and the development of ethical standards to cope with rapid social penetration of AI.

In the field of nanotechnology/materials, as the competition for dominance in developing the advanced technology spreads throughout the world, possession of progressing and fusing technologies and their systematization are key elements in market penetration. The technology development, such as multi-functional and low power consumption IoT devices, diagnosis and medical treatment devices aiming at personalized medicine application leading to the IoT/AI era, and water, air purification / greenhouse gas emission reduction / resources circulation contributing to SDGs, has become a major trend. In addition, data-driven materials development (Materials Informatics) is essential as a fundamental technology for materials development that accelerates the research achievements. For Japan, the challenges are the development of new materials, devices, and process technologies with attractive functions looking ahead to the future society, and the construction of a materials development platform that will lead to the enhancement of international competitiveness.

With respect to the life science and clinical science, data-driven science shall be the most prominent blooming new trend, where researchers work with hypothesis derived from big scale data analysis. Such a trend allows scientists to understand deeper and more precise mechanisms of wide range of biological events. As high-throughput data acquisition is vital and various levels of "omics" data have to be collected for the integrative understanding of biological events, analytical instruments have also been dramatically advanced in both its capability and prices, resulting in the transformation of biological sciences into a costly "big science". In order to deliver our national ambitions, such as precision medicine, bio-economy, deciphering and exploiting the biological systems from the aspect of molecules, cells, tissues, and organs, it is inevitable to establish truly multi-disciplinary and integrated research hubs which are closely networked each other.

We need to recognize that Japan's relative position in S&T has declined and it is our general issue to obtain research capability enough to compete with major countries in the world. Under this recognition, it is important to formulate and manage STI policies in Japan with a firm overall framework. In addition, we need to respond to major changes in research style associated with the rapid advancement of big data and AI, sustainably support basic research and technological infrastructure. It is also a future issue for researcher to work on crosssectoral collaboration with view of the world and history.

In the 21st century, S&T policy has greatly expanded its horizons. The relationship between S&T and society emphasized in the "Budapest Declaration" also overlaps with the relationship between S&T and policy. In the past, the policy for promoting S&T (Policy for Science), which refers to various measures such as budgets and S&T systems, was basic idea. However, "Science for Policy" is getting important nowadays. The latter means the active contribution of S&T to the policies that aim at solving various social issues. It is necessary to greatly reform the process from policy formulation to implementation, evaluation and feedback in order to realize these two ideas. The reformation is not only related to S&T policy but policies in all areas including industrial policy, environmental policy and education policy.

We expect that this report will contributes to the discussion for the sixth Science and Technology Basic Plan which will be active this year. We also expect the report will be a base for communication and trust between S&T and society, and contribute to international cooperation in S&T.