Naoki Inomata

Elucidation of intracellular thermal dynamics

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E1

Researcher

Naoki Inomata

Outline

The thermal properties of organelles, roles/contributions on intracellular thermal processes, and their interactions between each organelle are clarified based on the intracellular dynamic temperature and temporal information using the highly sensitive thermometer array. The novel intracellular analysis method will be established achieving the high thermal resolutions, high temporal resolution, and wide measurable range from micro to macro. This project contributes to create innovative technologies in thermal engineering by utilizing new thermal processes and control concepts in life sciences.

Mao Oide

Development of novel analysis method for biomolecular dynamics integrating experimental and computational approaches

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E2

Researcher

Mao Oide

Outline

Elementary processes of biological phenomena are regulated by complicated, dynamic interactions of intracellular biomolecules and complexes, and it is difficult to analyze these interactions. In this research, I will develop a novel method for structural classification and dynamics analysis by integrating cryo-EM structural analysis and computational approaches. Furthermore, by applying the developed method to actual protein cryo-EM images, I will elucidate the multiscale dynamics of target proteins in vivo during their functional processes.

Kazuki Kato

Development of new cell manipulation technology using Cas7-11 enzyme

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E3

Researcher

Kazuki Kato

Outline

Cas7-11 is a newly identified CRISPR-Cas enzyme, and has RNA-guided Rnase activity and protease activity. The goal of my proposal is to develop new application of cell manipulation by using the Cas7-11 enzyme.

Tsukasa Kusakizako

Elucidation of supramolecular machinery in hair cells by establishing and applying a versatile cryo-CLEM strategy

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E4

Researcher

Tsukasa Kusakizako

Outline

Inner ear hair cells transduce mechanical stimuli induced by sound into electrical signals. This project aims to establish a versatile method that incorporates cryo-CLEM (correlative light and electron microscopy) for efficient cell observations. By cryo-electron tomography using this strategy, I aim to visualize supramolecular assemblies responsible for dynamic mechanoelectrical signal transduction in hair cells, and elucidate the essential mechanism of hair cell functions.

Hiroka Sugai

Development of peptide tags for controlling the reversible assembly of proteins

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E5

Researcher

Hiroka Sugai

Outline

To understand the roles and mechanisms of the biological phenomena associated with the assembly of proteins, it is useful to not only observe the natural assembly of proteins in cells, but to also develop techniques to artificially manipulate protein assembly. In this study, we develop short peptide tags that can control protein assembly in a reversible manner in response to an external stimulus such as a change in pH. We further utilize these peptide tags for understanding the amyloid formation mechanism of proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Hirotomo Takatsuka

Dynamic interaction between organelles drives cell differentiation

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E6

Researcher

Hirotomo Takatsuka

Outline

Root hairs, extensions from the surface of plant roots, have an essential role in absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Thus far, many genes involved in root hair differentiation have been identified; yet, it remains unclear how they are induced at the optimal timing. This research aims to prove a new concept that the large vacuole, which occupies most of the room in the plant cell, and the nucleus, which constitutes the center of gene expression, dynamically interact and regulate each other’s behavior, thereby enabling precise control of gene expression and the resulting root hair differentiation.

Yodai Takei

Modulation of cell state transition by combinatorial perturbation of subnuclear structures

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E7

Researcher

Yodai Takei

Outline

The cell state transition is a fundamental process in many biological systems from development to aging. The recent advances of single-cell profiling technologies have enabled us to understand cell state transition across different modalities (e.g. transcriptome, epigenome) at the single cell level. While some studies have shown the critical relationships between reorganization of subnuclear structures and cell state transition, it remains unclear how the reorganization of subnuclear structures can regulate the cell state transition. The goal of my research project is to develop a general framework to modulate cell state transition via combinatorial perturbations upon subnuclear structures, guided by single-cell multi-omics datasets.

Hirofumi Toda

Immunity and sleep: two distinct biological phenomena controlled by liquid-liquid phase separation

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E8

Researcher

Hirofumi Toda

Outline

Through exploring the molecular action of Nemuri, I aim to understand how liquid-liquid phase separation, a microscopic phenomenon inside cells, can control the macroscopic organismal phenomena, immunity and sleep,

Yusuke Nasu

Live tissue clearing technology for unraveling neural metabolism in deep tissue

Grant No.：JPMJPR22E9

Researcher

Yusuke Nasu

Outline

I aim to develop a technology for clearing live mammalian tissue to observe intracellular targets in deep tissue with high spatiotemporal resolution. High-performance lactate biosensor R-iLACCO1 and protein engineering techniques will be applied to achieve the goal.

Naoto Hori

Development of a coarse-grained simulation model for long RNA molecules

Grant No.：JPMJPR22EA

Researcher

Naoto Hori

Outline

Long RNA molecules are responsible for carrying genetic information as well as various regulatory functions in cells, and are also important as components of coronaviruses and their vaccines. However, their structure at the molecular level, which is key to understanding their properties and functions, remains largely unknown due to the difficulty of direct experimental observation. This project aims to develop a molecular simulation technique to reveal the structural ensemble of long RNAs spanning several thousand nucleotides, with the aim of elucidating their functional mechanisms and applying them to RNA medicine.

Takeya Masubuchi

Deciphering the molecular mechanism of the higher-order assemblies of immune receptors using DNA nanotechnology

Grant No.：JPMJPR22EB

Researcher

Takeya Masubuchi

Outline

This research proposal aims to assess a new molecular model for PD-1 cluster formation by deciphering the elements of PD-1 cluster assembly through developing new reconstitution systems combining DNA nanotechnology with the conventional reconstitution systems. This research further assesses a new PD-1 molecular function in the context of the proposed molecular model of PD-1 cluster formation.

Masafumi Minoshima

Temporally-unlimited organelle imaging with a sustainable protein labeling method

Grant No.：JPMJPR22EC

Researcher

Masafumi Minoshima

Outline

In this study, I develop a sustainable protein labeling method by continuously exchanging fluorescent chemical probes to the target protein of interest in organelles. I will apply this protein labeling method to temporally unlimited organelle imaging in living cells, long-term superresolution imaging, multicolor imaging, and imaging organelle contact-sites for understanding the dynamics of fine organelle structures and interorganelle interactions.

Keisuke Mochida

Visualization and analysis of the degradation process of endoplasmic reticulum proteins

Grant No.：JPMJPR22ED

Researcher

Keisuke Mochida

Outline

Eukaryotic cells have developed unique protein degradation systems for maintaining the quality and quantity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. However, little is known about the spatio-temporal conditions for each process in the degradation of ER proteins. In this study, I will develop a fluorescence imaging technique for observing and analyzing the degradation process. This project aims to use a novel approach to more deeply understand molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of ER proteins.

Eiji Yamamoto

Hierarchical elucidation of molecular behavior inside membraneless organelles

Grant No.：JPMJPR22EE

Researcher

Eiji Yamamoto

Outline

Liquid-liquid phase separation in cells forms membraneless organelles including proteins and RNAs. In this study, we develop a multi-scale simulation method that crosses from microscopic (atomic and molecular dynamics) to mesoscopic (phase separation) hierarchies to elucidate the effects of dynamic heterogeneity inside membraneless organelles on the diffusion, localization, and interaction of molecules.