Combinatorial optimization problems are seen in various fields of modern society. For today’s supercomputers to find solutions by brute force search from an immense number of combinations takes too long, and not all combinations can be processed. And so instead of giving exact solutions, they give approximations. This program will develop a new type of coherent computer (Ising machine) specializing in combinatorial optimization problems. This miraculous computer functions as a quantum artificial brain linked with a quantum network.

• Each of the 10,000 - 1,000,000 light pulses generated simultaneously by a fiber laser/parametric oscillator is considered as a neuron, and these are mutually coupled by a quantum measurement-feedback circuit to create a synaptic network. Combinatorial optimization problems are mapped using the synaptic plasticity of a quantum measurement-feedback circuit.

Time required to resolve the MAX-CUT problem (NP-hard) for a complete graph of 20,000 nodes:

Modern computer (SDP)	2 x 105 (sec) = 48 hrs.
	↓　1/100 million
Artificial quantum brain	2 x 10-3（秒）

Overview

• The neural network that governs information processing in the brain is composed of a single quantum wave function that extends coherently throughout the entire system. It is able to solve much faster than existing modern computers the kind of large-scale combinatorial optimization problems.

Impact on industry and society in the event of achievement

Principle: Use of the phase transition of a laser/parametric oscillator network operating at the quantum limit as a computational process.
Method: Search for new principles through the integration of quantum information science, computer science and brain science.
Core technologies: Multiplexing optical pulse parametric oscillator, high-order high-frequency mode synchronous laser, quantum measurement-feedback circuit (FPGA/ASIC).
Achievement targets: Development of a quantum artificial brain with a clock frequency of 1 GHz and a pulse number of 5,000 - 10,000, and demonstration of superiority to existing modern algorithms.

(1) Quantum artificial brain (Ising model, XY model, Heisenberg model)

1. Quantum theory for optical parametric oscillator network and computational experiment.
2. Introduction of brain-type information processing.
3. Small-scale machine development and benchmarks.
4. Development of large-scale parametric oscillator network.
5. Development of large-scale laser network.
6. Development of large-scale quantum measurement feedback circuit.

(2) Quantum simulation (transverse field Ising model → Fermionic Hubbard model)

7. Strongly-correlated system quantum model, nonequilibrium open system quantum model.
8. Development of a quantum simulation program.
9. Development of superconductive circuit quantum simulator.
10. Development of optical semiconductor quantum simulator.
11. Development of cold atom quantum simulator.

(3) Quantum secure network (quantum key distribution)

12. Network actuator and globalization technology
13. Development of Decoy BB84 quantum key distribution device and application interface
14. Development of technology for secure communication with multilevel modulation (digital coherent optical communications)
15. Basic study of quantum key distribution and secure networks based on new principles

• Leading figures in the 3 exit fields (computer science, strongly-correlated condensed matter physics, modern cryptography) will be included in the team and will serve as contacts for capturing the latest advancements in modern technology.
• The team will be made up of leading research groups and will deliver results and information to a worldwide audience.

Organization