Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation - Global benefits from Japan-Peru research -
Research Fields and Areas
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
In March 2011, Japan was hit by the Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake, resulting in enormous damage. By their very nature, natural disasters are extremely difficult to predict, and we cannot tell for certain when an earthquake or tsunami will strike. However, this earthquake provided a chilling reminder of how important it is for predictions and disaster prevention to be as good as possible. In addition to individuals remaining alert to disaster prevention, experts need to work on analyzing subsurface structure and sea-floor topography, and researching technology for quake-resistant architecture. Japan is situated in a plate boundary zone where tectonic plates converge and there are frequent major earthquakes in coastal areas or offshore. Peru is another country in a similar zone, and suffered a magnitude 7.9 event in 2007. That earthquake hit the city of Pisco, resulting in a disaster that produced over 500 fatalities, destroyed large numbers of homes, and affected over 80,000 people. Peru and Japan share the need for action to mitigate further earthquake and tsunami disasters.
Principal investigator (Japan):Professor YAMAZAKI Fumio
Department of Urban Environment Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
Graduated from Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo (B.Eng., M.Eng.). Employed as Civil Engineer and Research Engineer by Shimizu Corporation. Awarded D.Eng. by University of Tokyo. Before taking his current position, appointed Associate Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, then Professor, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok. Research Fields include urban infrastructure systems and earthquake engineering.
Japan perspective
The March 2011 event in Japan was the latest in a long series of earthquake and tsunami disasters. Japan has accumulated a great deal of sophisticated disaster prevention technology, and is keen to help mitigate damage from earthquakes around the world.
Studying earthquakes that occur in Peru, situated like Japan in a subduction zone, provides the opportunity to gain new knowledge that can significantly enhance Japan's geo-science and disaster mitigation technology.
Principal investigator (Peru):Dr. Ing. Carlos Zavala Toledo
Professor. National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru Director, CISMID
(Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation)
Graduated from National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru. Completed D.Eng. at Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo and appointed Associate Professor of National University of Engineering, Peru, before being named Director of CISMID.
Peru perspective
Peru and neighboring Chile have been hit by many large earthquakes over the years, including the major earthquakes that hit Peru in 2007 and Chile in 2010. These experiences have given the Peruvian people and their political representatives a strong concern for disasters, and a keen interest in technology that can mitigate the impact of such events, including enhanced anti-seismic technology and earthquake prediction.
In addition to utilizing Japan's existing technology to contribute to disaster mitigation in Peru, this project involving researchers from Japan and Peru will generate new knowledge that enhances mitigation technology. Both countries are located in similar seismic environments, so both benefit from sharing data and knowledge of subduction-zone events. The project is organized into five research groups handling specific topics.
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"Peru is one of several South American countries facing frequent large earthquakes with magnitudes of 7 or greater. The magnitude 7.7 Ancash earthquake in 1970 resulted in over 70,000 fatalities, and there was a magnitude 8 earthquake in 2001. In 2007, the city of Pisco suffered substantial damage from an earthquake and tsunami of 1-3 meters, resulting in over 500 fatalities, 15,000 injuries, and the destruction of over 40,000 homes. Estimates suggest that more than 80,000 people lost their homes."
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"Peru's history of earthquake disasters means that people have a heightened awareness of the need for action. Peru is also a country with strong links to Japan, and many Peruvians are of Japanese descent."
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"Research into earthquakes using case studies requires large amounts of data. Instead of just one country doing research by itself, countries subject to similar earthquake mechanisms can benefit by collaborating. Such joint research leads to more accurate predictions and enhances disaster prevention, which benefits many countries around the world, not just the research partners. When Japanese researchers work together with their Peruvian counterparts on local observations and structural testing, that helps to train future researchers, transfer technology, and contributes to building self-reliant research capacity in Peru."
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"The best way to make effective use of the knowledge and experience gained through research is to involve local communities and businesses at the research stage. However, despite people having a high awareness of earthquakes, it is still not easy to translate that to practical action. We are investigating ways of raising awareness of disaster preparedness and encouraging public-private sector partnerships."
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"For instance, our research into seismic motion and geotechnical issues should enable assessment of potential construction sites to give advice like 'This slope is relatively safe; it's very solid and can withstand a seismic intensity (shindo) 5 earthquake,' or 'This is a bad place to build a house; the slope is soft and would be at risk even with a seismic intensity (shindo) 4 quake.'"
Prof.YAMAZAKI
"Through this research we are building strong partnerships between the researchers and people associated with the Peruvian government agencies. That provides the foundation for a self-reliant entity for disaster prevention research in Peru that can address earthquake and tsunami issues. We will continue to ensure a proper follow-up after this project comes to an end. We also plan to publicize the research outcomes and transfer the technology to other Asia-Pacific nations, particularly those in Latin America, through means such as direct training."
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Republic of Peru
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
Department of International Affairs
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